Section 13 Tuberculosis（Pulmonary）

Introduction of TB

Tuberculosis （Pulmonary） is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacteriumtuberculosis（MTB） that generally affects the lungs. The major pathological changes in lungs are tuberculosis nodules，infiltration，cheese-like changes and cavity formation. The clinical course is generally chronic，with classic symptoms of long-term low fever，cough with blood-containing sputum，night sweats and weight loss. Tuberculosis is mainly spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough，spit，speak or sneeze. The epidemiological characteristics of TB in China are as follows：the prevalence of tuberculosis is relatively high，the number of China’s active tuberculosis is close to 5 million，in which about 1.5 million are infectious. The infection rate is particularly high，the infection rate of tuberculosis is around 40%-50%.The mortality is relatively high，the mortality rate of china’s tuberculosis is the sum of all other infectious diseases，the mortality rate is about 20/10 million or so. The rate of drug resistance is very high with approximately 20% primary resistance and about 40% acquired resistance. There are urban and rural differences，the prevalence is low in urban areas but high in rural areas. The geographical differences are large，90% of the tuberculosis gather in developing countries，the incidence rate of Europe and the United States is relatively low. In China，the disease is infrequent in the eastern region while the incidence in middle or western region is high.

肺结核流行病学个案调查表

Epidemiological Questionnaire for Cases of Tuberculosis

Questionnaire

（本节编者-李铁钢　本节核对-马蒙蒙　孙艺）