2.5 Haeinsa Temple—Storage of the Tripitaka Koreana海印寺——《高丽大藏经》的藏身之所

海印寺位于韩国伽耶山，在新罗时期是华严宗十大道场之一，现为曹溪宗五大丛林、三大寺、三十一座禅教大本山之一。寺内保存有高丽大藏经版，即所谓的“八万大藏经”，是最完整的藏经收藏地，在公元1237到1249年间，雕刻在80000块版木上。十五世纪修建的建筑长溪涌潘戈，是为了收藏版木，被推崇为一座独特的艺术品。作为最古老的三藏收藏库，它们设计上的熟练与保存技术的高超令人惊讶。

实际上，海印寺初建于新罗时期的公元802年，由顺应、利贞两位大师所创建。后因多次遭受火灾，除憧千支柱和石塔，大部分被烧毁。李朝末年重建，主要建筑有一柱门、凤凰门、解脱塔、九光楼、冥府殿、大寂光殿、法宝殿、藏经阁等40多座雄伟精美的古建筑。寺内的墙壁上绘有李朝时代的风俗画，还有石塔、玉灯、塔香炉等30多件文物。

Haeinsa is an important Buddhist temple on Gaya Mountain in Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Founded in the 9th century and rebuilt in the 19th century, it is best known for its complete copy of the Buddhist scriptures, the Tripitaka Koreana.

Tradition says that Haeinsa was first settled in 802 by the monks Suneung and Ijeong, who had just returned from China. The name, meaning "Temple of Reflections on a Smooth Sea", derives from a verse in a Buddhist sutra（佛经）that compares the Buddha's wisdom to a calm sea. When the mind is freed from the wild waves of worldly desires（欲望）and follies（罪恶）, it will attain a calmness in which the true image of all existence is clearly reflected.

Soon after, the temple was built by a grateful King Aejang after the monks healed his wife. According to legend, the monks tied one end of string to the queen's tumor and the other end to a tree, chanting Buddhist verses. Miraculously（奇迹般地）, the tumor vanished（消失）as the tree withered（干枯）and died.

Hundreds of years later, 13th-century Korea was at war with the Mongols. The Korean government, in exile（流放）on Ganghwa Island, commissioned a copy of the Buddhist scriptures in hopes of earning the Buddha's intervention（介入）in the war. The resulting Tripitaka Koreana (carved 1237—1248) is considered the best copy of the scriptures in Asia. According to tradition, the woodblocks were made of white birch first soaked and then boiled in sea water for three years, then dried for three years in the shade.

Haeinsa suffered a devastating fire in 1817, in which nearly all the wooden temple buildings were destroyed. Only the Tripitaka library at the rear of the complex, built in 1488, escaped damage. The main worship hall, Daejeokkwangjeon (Hall of Great Silence and Light), was rebuilt 1818 on ancient foundations. Unusually, it houses a Vairocana Buddha statue, carved in 1769, instead of the usual Seokgamoni. One of the Five Celestial Buddhas, Vairocana represents the center of the universe. Behind the statue are wall paintings of the Buddha's life.

The library hall and its woodblocks of scripture were designated a Korean national treasure in 1962 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995.

In the late 20th century the monks of Haeinsa entered the computer age, painstakingly（煞费苦心地）inputting the contents of the Tripitaka Koreana into electronic form from 1992 to 1994. The ancient text is now stored on a CD-ROM and the monks have further plans to provide a parallel translation into modern Korean and extensive cross-referencing and other indexes.

Haeinsa's magnificent Tripitaka consists of 52,382,960 classical Chinese characters carved on 81,258 double-sided woodblocks in 6,802 volumes. It is said to be the oldest and most complete copy of the Buddhist scriptures in the world, and also one of the most beautifully made. It is displayed on floor-to-ceiling shelves in the oldest building at the temple (1488), called the Janggyeong Panjeon.

The Janggyeong Panjeon building is notable in itself. It is one of the oldest buildings constructed specifically for the storage of artifacts and it exhibits "remarkably effective solutions developed in the 15th century to the problems posed by the need to preserve woodblocks against deterioration" (UNESCO).

用英语畅谈Haeinsa Temple黄金句

☺ Tradition says that Haeinsa was first settled in 802 by the monks Suneung and Ijeong, who had just returned from China.传说海印寺最初建于802年，是刚从中国回去的和尚顺应和利贞建的。

☺ According to legend, the monks tied one end of string to the queen's tumor and the other end to a tree, chanting Buddhist verses. Miraculously, the tumor vanished as the tree withered and died.相传，和尚将细绳的一端系在皇后的肿瘤上，另一端系在一棵树上，然后开始念佛经。神奇的事情发生了，随着树的枯萎直至死去，皇后的肿瘤也消失了。

☺ Haeinsa suffered a devastating fire in 1817, in which nearly all the wooden temple buildings were destroyed. 1817年，海印寺遭遇了一场毁灭性的大火，几乎所有的木制寺院建筑都在大火中毁于一旦。

☺ In the late 20th century the monks of Haeinsa entered the computer age, painstakingly inputting the contents of the Tripitaka Koreana into electronic form from 1992 to 1994. 20世纪末，海印寺的和尚们进入了电脑时代，从1992年到1994年，他们煞费苦心地把《大藏经》的内容输入到电脑里变成电子版。

☺ It is said to be the oldest and most complete copy of the Buddhist scriptures in the world, and also one of the most beautifully made.据说它是世界上最古老而且最为完整的佛经版，而且是工艺最为精美的佛经版木之一。

☺ It is one of the oldest buildings constructed specifically for the storage of artifacts and it exhibits “remarkably effective solutions developed in the 15th century to the problems posed by the need to preserve woodblocks against deterioration”.它是最古老的专门建来收藏《大藏经》的建筑之一，并且展示了“15世纪发展起来的防止版木老化的非常有效的解决方案”。

用英语畅谈Haeinsa Temple