第44解

encumbrance

【英文】An encumbrance is a right to,interest in,or legal liability on real property that does not prohibit passing title to the property but that diminishes its value.Encumbrances can be classified in several ways.They may be financial(ex. liens)or non-financial(ex.easements,private restrictions).Alternatively,they may be divided into those that affect title(ex.lien,legal or equitable charge)or those that affect the use or physical condition of the encumbered property(ex.restrictions,easements,encroachments).

【译文】财产抵押权(或产权负担)指对不动产的拥有的权利、享有的权益或承担的法律责任,其并不禁止产权转移,但却因此减少价值。产权负担有几种分类方法。可按金钱(如留置权)或非金钱(如地役权、私人约束权等)分类。还有另外一种分类方式,即可对设定了产权负担的财产按影响产权转移(如留置、普通法或衡平法上的债务负担等)或影响该财产的使用或物理状态(如约束使用、地役权、财产侵蚀等)等进行分类。

【解释】encumbrance可译为“财产抵押权”或“产权负担”。

再如:

1.Encumbrances include security interests,liens,servitudes(e.g.easements,wayleaves,real covenants,profits a prendre),leases,restrictions,encroachments,and air and subsurface rights.Also,those considered as potentially making the title defeasible are encumbrances,e.g.charging orders,building orders and structure alteration.〔译文:财产抵押权包括担保权益、留置权、使用权(如地役权、通行权、不动产契约以及先占权等)、租赁、约束、侵蚀以及空中和地下等各种权利。另外,被视为潜在地可废除产权之各种权利也属于产权负担,比如财产扣押令、建筑要求命令以及改动建筑结构等权利。〕

2.In Hong Kong,there is statutory definition of “encumbrance”.In Conveyancing and Property Ordinance(Cap.219)it reads:“‘encumbrance’includes a legal and equitable mortgage,a trust for securing money,a lien,a charge of a portion,annuity,or other capital or annual sum;and “encumbrancer”has a meaning corresponding with that of “encumbrance” and includes every person entitled to the benefit of an encumbrance,or to require payment or discharge thereof.”〔译文:在香港,制定法对“产权负担”进行了界定。《物业转易及财产条例》(第219章规定,“产权负担”包括普通法和衡平法上的抵押、为保障金钱安全的财产信托、留置、对(根据法律赠与或遗留给继承人的)一份财产接管、年薪保险或其他本金总额或年度总额等。而“产权负担人”则意味着前述相应的“产权负担”,包括有权获得产权负担利益或依据产权负担规定要求支付或履行义务的每一个人。〕