Unit 5 形容词

概述

形容词主要用来修饰或描述名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性。形容词在句中常作定语（Att）、表语（P）、补足语（SC/OC）或状语（Ad）。大部分形容词都有比较等级。

专题一 形容词的分类和作用

形容词的分类和作用表（表中为表述简练，句子成分的名称有时用其英语缩写表示，全书同）：

基础训练（一）

一、用of或for填空

1．It is patient__________the nurse to take care of the patients.

2．It is shy__________Maria to talk with boy classmates.

3．It is important__________us to learn a foreign language.

4．It is unnecessary__________Tom to get there early.

5．It is impossible__________Joe to learn English well in a short time.

6．It is wise__________Rose to part with the lazy man.

7．It is hard__________Jack to climb up the tall tree.

8．It is intelligent__________Yu Xinya to come up with such a good idea.

二、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．他因没能赶上别的同学而感到羞愧。

He__________that he didn't keep up with other students.

2．我喜欢我的前任英语老师，因为她对我们非常友好。

I like my__________teacher because she was friendly to us.

3．王磊是如此的困倦，以致他在课堂上睡着了。

Wang Lei was so sleepy that he__________in class.

专题二 形容词的句法功能和形容词的排序

一、形容词的句法功能

1．形容词作定语（Att）。

形容词作定语，修饰名词或代词，说明其性质或特征。

eg. Let's look at a simple example.咱们来看一个简单的例子吧。

2．形容词作表语（P）。

形容词与系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。常见的系动词有：be，remain，keep，stay，become，grow，turn，get，go，come，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，seem等。

eg. He used to go hungry.他过去常常挨饿。

The basket is full of flowers.那篮子里装满了花。

3．形容词作补足语（SC/OC）。

形容词可作主语或宾语的补足语，说明主语、宾语的性质、状态或特征，谓语通常是make，find，feel，leave，believe，consider等。

eg. I consider it polite to turn up exactly on time at a party.我认为准时出席聚会是有礼貌的。

4．形容词作主语或宾语（S/O）。

“the+形容词”泛指一类人或事物时，可在句中作主语或宾语。

We should respect the old and take care of the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。（O）

The wounded have been taken to the safety.伤员已被带到了安全地方。（S）

5．作状语（多置于句首或句末）（Ad）。

eg. He lay in bed，awake.他躺在床上，醒着。

二、形容词的排序

1．若多个形容词修饰名词时，它们的位置要根据它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。通常的排序方式为：限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、数词等）→描述性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→形状和形态的形容词→新旧/温度的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、类别的形容词→名词。

eg. a small round wooden table一张小小的圆木桌

his large new black foreign car他那辆崭新的大型黑色进口车

请记两个口诀：

2．形容词短语作定语。

形容词短语作定语时，总是置于被修饰的名词、代词之后。

eg. The boxes full of apples have been put into the car.装满苹果的箱子已被装进车厢。

基础训练（二）

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．我非常感谢我的英语老师。

I'm very__________to my English teacher.

2．秋天来了，树叶变黄了。

The autumn comes; the leaves turn__________.

3．有钱人应该帮助穷人。

__________should help__________.

二、单项选择

1．I want to relax myself right now. Would you please change to__________music?

A. sad

B. loud

C. exciting

D. gentle

2．—What was Jim wearing at the party?

—Nothing__________. He was in his usual shirt and jeans.

A. special

B. simple

C. important

D. interesting

3．He bought__________car.

A. a new large black

B. a large new black

C. a new black large

D. a black new large

4．It's every policeman's dream to keep people__________and the traffic in good order.

A. safe

B. healthy

C. busy

D. famous

专题三 形容词的级和级的标志词

一、形容词的级

大部分形容词有三个等级——原级、比较级和最高级。无比较用原级；两者之间的比较用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。

1．形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化表：

2．不规则变化：

请记口诀：

二、形容词级的标志词表

基础训练（三）

一、用所给词的适当形式填空

1．He's always__________ (friend) to all of us.

2．My mother told a good story but I told a__________ (good) one.

3．When winter comes, the days get__________ (short).

4．Your classroom is__________ (wide) than ours.

5．—It's one of the__________ (happy) things in the world to stay with friends.

—I agree. It always makes us relaxed.

二、单项选择

1．The T-shirt is too big for me, would you mind giving me a__________one?

A. larger

B. smaller

C. fatter

D. thinner

2．You look tired these days. I think you need a__________sleep.

A. shorter

B. shortest

C. better

D. best

3．In the future I think cities will be crowded because there will be a lot__________people.

A. more

B. fever

C. less

D. many

4．I am good at maths, but his English is__________than mine.

A. much better

B. more better

C. very better

D. pretty better

5．You should take__________bus, or you'll be late.

A. early

B. earlier

C. the earlier

D. earliest

专题四 形容词级的特殊句型

一、原级的比较方法

原级比较常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上相似或不同。

1．... as+原级+as+比较对象，意为“与……一样”。

eg. George is as strong as John.乔治与约翰一样强壮。

2．... not so/as+原级+as+比较对象，意为“不及/不如……那样”。

Bowei is not so/as diligent as Xinya.博伟不如新雅勤奋。

注意：该结构中的第一个so/as后的形容词如果作定语修饰名词，该名词前有不定冠词时要置于形容词后。

eg. This is as good an example as the other is.这个例子和另外一个一样好。

二、比较级的比较方法

1．比较级+than any other+n.（si.）=比较级+than the other+n.（pl.）。

eg. Helen is taller than any other girl.=Helen is taller than the other girls.海伦比别的女孩都高。

2．“比较级+than any other+n.（si.）”表示在同一事物或同一类人的内部比较，而“比较级+than any+n.（si.）”表示不在同一事物或同一类人的内部相比。

eg. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（在中国城市内部比较）

Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.（不在同一范围内比较）

3．“sb/sth+谓语+比较级+of the two+...”表示“两者中比较……的”。

eg. Mary is the more careful of the two sisters.玛丽是两姐妹中更细心的。

4．“形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级”和“more and more+多音节形容词的原级”表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“越来越……”。

eg. The day is getting longer and longer.白天正变得越来越长。

5．“the+比较级，the+比较级”常表示一方的程度随另一方的程度平行增长，意为“越……，就越……”。

eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你所犯的错误就越少。

三、最高级的常见句型

1．“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数可数名词”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

eg. She is one of the most beautiful girls in our class.她是我们班里最漂亮的女孩之一。

2．“特殊疑问词+...+be动词+the+最高级”表示“……是最……”。

eg. Which country is the largest，China，America or Canada？中国、美国和加拿大中哪个国家面积最大？

基础训练（四）

一、单项选择

1．—I think English is__________French.

—I don't agree with you.

A. much popular than

B. the most popular

C. so popular as

D. as popular as

2．John is as__________as Joe.

A. an honest boy

B. a honest boy

C. honest a boy

D. a boy honest

3．China is larger than__________in Africa.

A. the other countries

B. any country

C. any of the other countries

D. any other country

4．Farmers have become__________in our hometown in recent years.

A. more and more rich

B. richer and richer

C. more rich and more rich

D. rich and rich

5．—China is over 5, 000 years old. It's one of__________countries in the world.

—Yes, it has much__________history than the US.

A. old; long

B. older; longer

C. older; the longest

D. the oldest; longer

二、用所给词的正确形式填空

1．Of all the parks in this city, this one is__________ (beautiful).

2．Which season do you like__________ (good), summer, spring, or winter?

3．The Changjiang River is one of the__________ (long)

rivers in China.

能力训练

一、用所给词的正确形式填空

1．It's a__________ (sun) day. Let's go outside and play.

2．The company hopes its new product will be__________ (success) on the European market.

3．The story he told made me__________ (happy).

4．Which is__________ (interesting), physics or maths?

5．The white one is__________ (young) of the five.

6．—This digital camera is really cheap!

—The__________ (cheap), the better. I'm short of money.

7．__________ (much) oil they burnt, __________ (harmful) to the people it would be.

8．Carmen thinks that she is(clever) than any other girl in her class.

二、单项选择

1．（2017·大连）My bike is__________. It will be fixed tomorrow.

A. new

B. light

C. dirty

D. broken

2．（2017·德州）As soon as I heard the news that I passed the driving test，I felt__________at once.

A. angry

B. relaxed

C. afraid

D. nervous

3．（2017·沈阳）It's hard to hold back the tears. This is__________thing I've ever heard.

A. sad

B. sadder

C. saddest

D. the saddest

4．（2017·河南）Mike is__________student because he was born later than anyone else in his class.

A. young

B. younger

C. the younger

D. the youngest

5．（2017·安徽）—What do you think of the movie？

—Great! I have never seen a__________one.

A. good

B. bad

C. better

D. worse

6．（2017·遂宁）—How do you improve your English？

—__________you speak, __________your English will be.

A. The less; the more

B. The more; the better

C. The less; the better

D. The more; the less

7．（2017·湘潭）One of__________places for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.

A. popular

B. more popular

C. the most popular

D. most popular

8．（2017·永州）—Why do many people buy things online on“Nov 11”？

—Because there are so many sales. And the prices are__________.

A. much lower

B. more cheap

C. more expensive

D. very cheap

9．（2017·益阳）If more people give up driving cars，the air will get much__________in a few days.

A. clean

B. cleaner

C. the cleanest

D. very cleaner

10．（2017·齐齐哈尔）Our country is getting__________. We are proud of it.

A. more and more strong

B. strong and strong

C. stronger and stronger

D. the stronger and stronger

11．（2017·苏州）Peter's Chinese is very good，but of course not__________a local speaker in China.

A. so fluent as

B. more fluent than

C. as fluently as

D. much fluently than

12．（2017·包头）—I think there will be__________air pollution whenever there are__________people driving.

—That's true! I hope the air will be fresher soon.

A. less; less

B. less; fewer

C. fewer; fewer

D. fewer; less

实战训练

一、根据汉语提示完成句子

1．他需要一个安静的房间休息。

He need a__________to have a rest.

2．我们不仅要学习现代科技，还要关注传统文化。

We should not only learn the modern technology but also pay attention to__________culture.

3．她在英语方面比她弟弟好很多。

She's much__________English than her brother.

4．格林夫妇计划去某处轻松的地方度假。

The Greens are planning to go__________for vacation.

5．哈维的父母找到了一些适合他读的书籍。

Harvery's parents found some books__________him to read.

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1．She looks__________ (thin) than me.

2．Which is__________ (far) from us, the sun or the moon?

3．Jack has the__________ (little) bread of the three boys.

4．His mother is__________ (busy) in his family.

5．America is a__________ (develop) country in the world.

三、单项选择

1．（2016·芜湖）—It's cold today.

—Yes, it's__________colder than it was yesterday.

A. some

B. more

C. very

D. much

2．（2016·无锡）We'll try our best to do the work with__________money and__________people.

A. few; little

B. a few; a little

C. less; fewer

D. fewer; less

3．（2016·台州）—Would you like to have__________？

—No. Thank you. I've had enough.

A. anything more

B. something more

C. more anything

D. more something

4．（2016·烟台）You must keep your eyes__________when you do eye exercises.

A. close

B. open

C. closed

D. opened

5．（2016·天水）Paris is one of__________cities in the world.

A. more beautiful

B. the more beautiful

C. most beautiful

D. the most beautiful

6．（2016·石家庄）Listening is just as__________as speaking in language learning.

A. important

B. more important

C. most important

D. the most important

7．（2017·大理）The water in the lakes and rivers in Yunnan became__________because of the dry weather.

A. fewer and fewer

B. more and more

C. less and less

D. little and little

8．（2016·安徽）We lost the match because they had__________players. They had eleven and we had only nine.

A. stronger

B. younger

C. fewer

D. more

9．（2016·新疆）He is a little__________than you，but he is as__________as you.

A. thin; stronger

B. thinner; stronger

C. thinner; strong

D. thin; strong

10．（2016·汕头）Qomolangma is__________than any other mountain. I hope to climb it one day.

A. high

B. higher

C. highest

D. the highest