02.词类转换法

在英译汉过程中,为了使译文符合汉语表达习惯,有时需要转换原文中的单词词性。如由名词派生出的动词在译成汉语时往往转译为名词,由形容词转化成的副词又常常转译为形容词,而在英语句子中起谓语动词作用的“be+介词或副词形式”又常被转译为动词等。

【真题回现】

试题:This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

分析 本句为简单句,句子的主干为This seems a justification ... and a rationalization ..., this指代上文的contention。翻译时可将neglect, rationalization, superiority和inferiority四个名词译成动词。

译文 这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口,使剥削合理化,令上层人感到优越,令底层人感到卑微。

【真题回现】

试题:Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed.

分析“rejection”原意为“拒绝”,这里也可表达为“四处碰壁”抽象化处理,名词译成动词。

译文 大多数作家在写作的道路上都会经历失望和沮丧,也经常四处碰壁,他也没能幸免,但这让他更加坚定了成功的决心。