Abstract

The cells in our bodies live in a very complex microenvironment，which is critical for the maintenance of normal functions of tissues and organs.In the process of tissue repair or regeneration，the corresponding tissue regeneration microenvironment plays important roles.Herein，we classify the tissue regeneration microenvironment into material-based microenvironment，tissue-based microenvironment，and dynamic microenvironment along with material degradation and tissue repair.If the cues of tissue-based microenvironment such as extracellular matrix，cytokines and even neighboring cells are all regarded as “materials”，we could regard the tissue regeneration microenvironment as a “material”-based microenvironment with dynamic changes.Hence，the study of the cell-“material”interactions becomes an important fundamental research direction，which also serves as the cornerstone in the fields of tissue repair and regeneration.Based on the development of material techniques such as surface patterning technique，self-assembled monolayers technique and the construction technique of soft to hard hydrogel with large adjustable scales，scientists have made extensive investigations on the effects of material-base microenvironment cues on cell adhesion，migration，proliferation and even cell differentiation.In this chapter，we summarize the latest research progress about material-based microenvironment effects on cell behaviors and functions；the complex material microenvironment will be classified into chemical cues，physical cues and material nanocues.At last，some research topics will be discussed as perspective.