Promoting a server to a read-only domain controller

Read-only domain controllers were introduced with Windows Server 2008. They have been hugely popular for providing Active Directory Domain Services to branch offices and small perimeter networks.

Read-only domain controllers are the ideal type of domain controllers for environments with the following:

  • Poor physical security
  • Relatively few user accounts and/or devices
  • Relatively poor bandwidth to central datacenters with domain controllers
  • Little local IT knowledge and/or experience

These characteristics are typically true for branch offices. Before read-only domain controllers, administrators had to make the hard choice between doing nothing, placing fully (read-write) domain controllers in these locations, or upgrading the available bandwidth and/or resiliency of the networking connections between the branch offices and the head office or central datacenter(s).

Some organizations have opted to deploy read-only domain controllers in perimeter networks. Microsoft supports only one read-only domain controller per Active Directory site. This way, any perimeter network deployment would not have much Active Directory resiliency. Many organizations have, therefore, opted for a separate Active Directory forest, for these implementation scenarios.