第9天 代词(2)

9-1 关系代词

1.关系代词的概念

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:

I know what he has done.我知道他做了什么。

This is my teacher whose name is Li Hua.这是我的老师,他叫李华。

2.关系代词的用法

(1)关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。

The boy with whom I talked is my brother.跟我说话的男孩是我弟弟。

(该句中whom既代表先行词the boy,又在从句中作介词with的宾语)


(2)关系代词有主格,宾格和所有格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物,如下表:

This is the chair whose leg is broken.这就是那个折了腿的椅子。(whose指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

She came back for the pencilbox which she had forgotten.她回来取她丢下的文具盒。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

(3)关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。

He said he had been to Beijing, which was a lie.他说他去过北京,纯属谎言。

说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略。例如:

I've forgotten much of the knowledge(that)I once knew.我过去学的知识,现在大部分忘了。

He's not the man(that)he was.他已不是过去的他了。