3-2 助动词

1.助动词的概念

助动词就是协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(main verb)。英语中的助动词主要有:

be(been, being, am, are, is, was, were)have(has, had)

shall, will, should, would do(does, did)

2.助动词的作用

助动词本身无词义,不可单独使用,它仅仅是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。

(1)助动词用来构成疑问句。

Do you want to achieve your dreams?你想实现自己的梦想吗?

(2)助动词与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。

He doesn't want to share his secrets with her even he loves her so much.尽管他很爱她,但他不愿意和她分享自己的秘密。

(3)助动词表示时态。

I will be arriving in London on time.我将准时到达伦敦。(表示将来进行时)

I have just finished my homework.我刚刚完成家庭作业。(表示现在完成时)

(4)助动词表示语态。

He was sent to prison by the police.他被警察送进了监狱。(表示被动语态)

You know my father hates being interrupted.你知道我爸爸不喜欢别人打断他的话。(动名词的被动式)

(5)助动词用来加强语气。

I do love you, and you should believe me.我真的很爱你,你应该相信我。

(6)由had, should, would, should have, would have等构成各种虚拟语气。

If I had Susan's appearance, I'd take part in the beauty contest.如果我有苏珊的容貌,我就会去参加选美大赛。

The soup would have been better if it had had less salt.假如少放点盐,这汤会更好喝。