Ⅲ．篇章

【中文】

中国特色经济外交迈入新时代

张军

2017年的中国经济外交，以习近平主席在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会开幕式上的重要演讲拉开帷幕。习主席的演讲引发了全球政、商、媒、学术等各界的广泛关注和深入解读，各方普遍认为，习主席的演讲契合当前世界经济和经济全球化面临的复杂形势，给出了解决根本性问题的答案，为陷入迷茫的国际社会指明了方向，稳定了人心，提振了信心，凝聚了共识，充分展示了中国的大国担当和领导力。

这是近年来习主席对外交往的一个片段，也是新时期中国经济外交的一个缩影。①近年来，中国相继成功主办了亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人北京会议、二十国集团(G20)领导人杭州峰会。习主席的经济外交足迹更是遍及联合国发展峰会、金砖国家领导人会晤、G20峰会、APEC领导人会议等多个重大国际场合，发出中国倡议、提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧。中国经济外交正站在新的历史起点上，展现出更鲜明的时代特色。

一、引领世界经济方向

2008年国际金融危机以来，国际社会一直在积极探索世界经济走出困境的有效路径，但时至今日情况仍未见明显好转。世界经济增速依然保持低迷，全球贸易和投资长期不振，保护主义和逆全球化思潮泛起，全球产业链、供应链和价值链加速重塑，地缘政治格局面临重大调整，世界经济面临的不确定性和不稳定性增多。中国已成为全球第二大经济体、第一大制造业国和货物贸易国、第三大利用外资国和对外投资国。对世界经济而言，中国经济不但是稳定锚，更是动力机和牵引器。中国也一直在为世界经济走出困境寻找办法和出路，积极与各方分享中国方案。

在多个重要场合，习主席结合中国的发展经验和发展理念，为世界经济深度“把脉”，开出了一系列标本兼治、综合施策的中国“药方”，体现出十分鲜明的中国特色。

一是直指问题症结。中国人讲究医病治根，找到了病灶才能药到病除。习主席在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会的演讲中指出，当前世界经济面临全球增长动能不足、全球经济治理滞后、全球发展失衡三大突出矛盾，找准了世界经济问题的根源。②习主席提出打造富有活力的增长模式、开放共赢的合作模式、公正合理的治理模式、平衡普惠的发展模式，指出了世界经济化解矛盾、走出困境的新路径。习主席在演讲中还专门针对当前逆全球化声浪上扬势头，深刻阐述经济全球化的规律特点，倡导各方认识其“双刃剑”属性，共同引导好经济全球化走向，推动实现经济全球化进程的再平衡，让不同国家和群体共享经济全球化的好处。这为坚定各国对经济全球化前景的信心、共同引领经济全球化向包容普惠方向发展发挥了重要作用。

二是坚持创新引领。当前，全球经济增速放缓的主要原因在于内生增长动力不足，通过创新解放和发展生产力是突破增长瓶颈的根本之道。在中方的倡议下，2016年G20杭州峰会首次设置创新议题，开创性地制定了《创新增长蓝图》，倡导各方抢抓创新、数字经济、新工业革命带来的新机遇，就结构性改革的优先领域、指导原则和指标体系达成共识。这在G20历史上均属首创之举，为挖掘世界经济增长潜力、开辟世界经济新一轮增长格局奠定了坚实基础。

三是强调开放共赢。伴随着世界经济的深度融合，各国日益相互依存，形成你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。只有在开放合作中分享机会和利益，才能实现互利共赢。习主席在达沃斯强调，要坚定不移发展开放型世界经济，中国始终是全球开放合作的践行者和推动者，将大力构建面向全球的自由贸易区网络。在2014年APEC领导人北京会议上，中方推动会议做出启动亚太自贸区进程的重大决定并批准《北京路线图》，迈出建设亚太自贸区的实质性一步。2016年，在全球开放合作遭遇逆流、亚太区域合作面临挫折之际，习主席在APEC领导人利马会议上，呼吁各方以一张蓝图干到底的精神，把共识转化为切实有效的行动，早日建成亚太自贸区，为推进亚太开放型经济发挥了“定盘星”作用。

二、高举全球发展旗帜

作为全球最大的发展中国家和新兴市场国家的重要代表，中国深知发展问题的重大影响和深远意义，始终积极致力于推动国际发展事业，促进世界各国共同发展。在2015年9月联合国发展峰会上，习主席提出以公平、开放、全面、创新为核心要素的发展理念和加强国际发展合作的政策主张，并宣布了一系列支持国际发展合作的务实举措，彰显了中国在全球发展合作中的负责任、建设性大国形象。习主席在峰会上同各国领导人一道通过《2030年可持续发展议程》，为面向未来的各国发展和国际发展合作指明了方向。

时隔一年，中国再次高举发展旗帜，推动杭州峰会成为G20历史上发展中国家参与最广泛、发展特色最鲜明、发展成果最突出的一届峰会。G20杭州峰会第一次将发展问题置于全球宏观政策协调框架的突出位置，第一次就落实《2030年可持续发展议程》制定行动计划，第一次就支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化采取集体行动，得到广大发展中国家的充分肯定和广泛赞誉。峰会后不久，中国就发布了落实《2030年可持续发展议程》国别方案，继续放大杭州峰会积极效应，成为落实发展议程国别行动方面最大亮点之一，实现了中国国内发展议程与国际发展议程的协同推进。

气候变化《巴黎协定》是全球发展合作的重要共识，中方一直发挥积极作用，努力推动加快其生效和落实。③G20杭州峰会筹备期间，在中方的大力倡导下，G20发表了历史上第一份气候变化问题主席声明，各成员一致承诺率先签署和落实气候变化《巴黎协定》。峰会期间，在中方精心安排下，中美两国领导人共同向时任联合国秘书长潘基文交存《巴黎协定》批准文书，展现了在应对气候变化问题上的表率作用。习主席还在达沃斯重申了中国对《巴黎协定》的坚定支持，呼吁各方共同坚守承诺，不能轻言放弃，切实承担对子孙后代必须担负的责任。这一系列行动凸显了中国在应对气候变化问题上的负责担当精神。

三、完善经济治理模式

国际金融危机暴露了全球经济发展的不平衡与国际金融体系改革的严重滞后，凸显了进一步加强和完善全球经济治理体系建设的重要性和紧迫性。全球经济治理体系只有适应国际经济格局新形势和新要求，才能为世界经济增长提供更加有力的保障。当前，国际经济力量对比正在发生重大深刻变化，构建更加公平、合理、可靠、高效的全球经济治理体系已成为亟待解决的重大课题。中国等新兴市场国家日益从国际舞台的边缘走向中央，是现阶段全球经济治理体系变革最显著的特点。这既是由新兴市场国家不断提升的经济实力和国际影响决定的，也是全球经济治理体系改革发展的大势所趋。

主办G20杭州峰会是中国深度参与全球经济治理、加快推进全球经济治理体制改革的一次成功实践。④习主席在G20工商峰会(B20)开幕式上首次系统提出以平等为基础、以开放为导向、以合作为动力、以共享为目标的全球经济治理观，倡导共同构建公正高效的全球金融治理格局、开放透明的全球贸易和投资治理格局、绿色低碳的全球能源治理格局、包容联动的全球发展治理格局，为完善全球经济治理体系描绘了路线图。在办会过程中，中国全力推动G20因时而变，与时俱进，为G20从危机应对向长效治理机制转型、从侧重短期政策向短中长期政策并重转型奠定了坚实基础，巩固了G20国际经济合作主要论坛的地位，也为世界经济稳定复苏提供了坚实的机制保障。

中国是国际金融机构改革的积极推动者。在中国担任G20主席国期间，推动国际货币基金组织(IMF)落实了延迟多年的份额改革方案，实现人民币加入IMF特别提款权(SDR)货币篮子，沉寂多年的国际金融架构工作组得以重启，新兴市场和发展中国家代表性和发言权得到有力提升，国际金融机构改革取得重要突破。

中国还积极参与国际经济金融新机制建设，对现有的全球经济治理体系和国际金融机构形成了有益补充。在中国的倡导和推动下，金砖国家新开发银行正式挂牌，成为二战后首家发展中国家自主建立的国际金融机构；亚洲基础设施投资银行正式投入运营，首批57个创始成员遍及五大洲，涵盖大、中、小不同国家，为全球基础设施和互联互通建设注入新动力、带来新活力。

中国在推进全球经济治理变革方面有理念、有机制、有行动、有成果，既立足自身发展需要，又兼顾各国共同利益，成为改革和完善全球经济治理体系的领军者。

四、服务国家发展战略

外交是内政的延续，服务发展、促进发展始终是经济外交的出发点和落脚点。当前，中国与世界的联系融合更加紧密，国内与国外的互联互动效应更加凸显，中国经济外交服务国内发展更是应有之义、应尽之责，也迎来良好契机。

一是以经济外交为平台，积极营造有利的外部环境。过去几年，中国成功举办多边经济峰会，深入参与全球经济治理，积极推动国际金融体系改革，在全球经济治理中的制度性权力得到大幅提升。这对于稳定外部经贸环境、维护国家发展利益、拓展发展空间都具有重要的现实和长远意义。

二是以互利合作为主线，大力推动国内经济转型发展。在“一带一路”倡议下，中国积极同有关国家加强发展战略对接，全面深化在贸易、投资、基础设施、人文往来等领域的务实合作，达成了一系列重要合作协议和成果。中国积极开展国际产能合作，同30多个国家签署了产能合作协议，为国内经济和产业结构转型升级提供了强大助力。中国积极利用主办重大主场外交活动的机会，为地方发展注入活力和能量。杭州等城市在主办大型活动后经济社会面貌焕然一新，实现了“办好一个会，提升一座城”的目标。

三是以机制优势为依托，不断维护拓展走出去的利益和空间。目前中国境外企业数量已达30000余家，遍及全球各地区和国家，2016年出境人数达1.22亿人次。中国外交部和驻外使领馆积极为境外企业提供信息、法律等服务，加强对重大项目的把关，全力保护境外企业和公民的合法权益。同时，驻外使领馆充分发挥一线优势，及时向地方省市提供有关国家经济发展政策、重点合作领域等方面的信息，积极为企业开展对外合作牵线搭桥。⑤外交部还积极改革创新，主动打造省市全球推介活动的新品牌，先后为宁夏、广西、陕西、四川、贵州、云南举办推介活动，让各个地方不出国就能同各国探讨合作，让各国使节不出北京就能同各地进行交流对接。

五、分享中国发展理念

随着中国经济地位和国际影响的不断提升，外界对中国经济模式和发展道路的思考和研究也不断增多，不少人都在问：中国经济快速增长的秘诀是什么？中国经济能否成功实现转型？中国经济的发展前景如何？习主席多次利用出席经济峰会的重要国际场合，从历史和现实的角度、从国内外比较的视角阐释中国道路，演绎创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大发展理念，揭示中国发展奇迹的奥妙所在，与世界分享中国发展的成功经验，让“中国故事”在全球范围内引起共鸣，充分展现了中国的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信和文化自信。

在杭州B20开幕式上，习主席全面回顾总结改革开放38年来中国走向世界、世界走向中国的历程，与各国分享中国发展经验，强调中国的成功得益于探索前行、真抓实干、共同富裕，引发国内外各界强烈反响。⑥在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会开幕式上，习主席概括总结中国特色发展道路，为国际社会提供有益借鉴，强调中国发展道路从本国国情出发确立，从中华文明中汲取智慧，博采东西方各家之长；把人民利益放在首位；在人民中寻找发展动力、依靠人民推动发展、使发展造福人民；不断解放和发展社会生产力，不断解放和增强社会活力；在开放中谋求共同发展，实现自身发展的同时更多惠及其他国家和人民。习主席的精辟论述展现了中国发展道路的强大生命力，为世界认知中国发展模式、把握中国发展理念提供了多维度视角，提振了各方对中国发展的信心，拉近了中国同世界的距离。

2017年对中国经济外交来说是一个不平凡的年份，我们将先后举办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛和金砖国家领导人厦门会晤两大主场外交。这不仅是中国自身的发展契机，也将为世界经济和各国发展带来新的机遇。“一带一路”倡议是中国为应对世界经济困境和全球发展瓶颈提供的解决方案，也是中国向国际社会提供的重要公共产品之一。通过主办“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，中方期待同各方一道，进一步深化伙伴关系，建设合作新平台，打造发展新格局。通过主办金砖国家领导人会晤，深化南南合作，不断提升新兴市场和发展中国家在全球经济中的地位和作用，为完善全球经济治理和推进国际发展合作注入新的动力。

中国经济外交正迈入一个大有作为的新时代！

(资料来源：中华人民共和国外交部国际经济司司长张军在《外交》季刊2017年第1期上发表题为《中国特色经济外交迈入新时代》的署名文章)

【英文】

China's Economic Diplomacy Entered the New Era

Zhang Jun

China's economic diplomacy in 2017 was unveiled with President Xi Jinping's important speech at the opening session of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos.The speech captured broad interest of and resulted in in-depth studies by the global political, business, media and academic communities.It is generally agreed that President Xi's reassuring and encouraging speech provided the answer to fundamental issues concerning the complex situation of world economy and economic globalization, charted the course for the confused international community and helped various parties reach consensus, demonstrating the responsibility and leadership of China as a major country.

This was an episode of President Xi's diplomatic activities in recent years, and also an epitome of China's economic diplomacy in the new era.①In recent years, China successfully hosted the APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting in Beijing and the G20 Summit in Hangzhou.President Xi's economic diplomacy can be found on many important international occasions such as the UN Sustainable Development Summit, BRICS Summit, G20 Summit and APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting, where he proposed China's initiatives, solutions and ideas.China's economic diplomacy now stands at a new historical starting point with more distinct features of the time.

Ⅰ.Guiding World Economy

Since the outbreak of international financial crisis in 2008, the international community has been actively exploring effective ways for recovery, yet has not seen much progress.The world economy faces increasing uncertainties and instability with slow growth, lackluster global trade and investment, rising trend of protectionism and de-globalization, accelerated restructuring of global industrial, supply and value chains and major changes in the geopolitical landscape.China now ranks second in the total economic volume, first in manufacturing and trade in goods, and third in utilizing foreign investment and making outbound investment.For the world economy, China is not only an anchor, but also an engine and tractor.China is also seeking measures and ways to get the world economy out of trouble and actively sharing China's solutions with various parties.

On many important occasions, based on China's own development experience and ideas, President Xi took the pulse of the world economy and provided a holistic prescription with distinct Chinese features addressing both symptoms and root causes.

First, China has targeted the root causes.The Chinese people emphasize targeting the root causes to cure the disease.In his speech at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, President Xi pointed out three critical issues as the root causes of the problems facing the world economy, namely lack of robust driving forces for global growth, inadequate global economic governance and uneven global development.②He also proposed a new way to lift the world economy out of trouble by calling for building a dynamic growth model, a model of open and win-win cooperation, a model of fair and equitable governance and a model of balanced and inclusive development.In the speech, President Xi also addressed the rising trend of de-globalization by giving an in-depth elaboration on the law and characteristics of economic globalization.He called on various sides to recognize that economic globalization is a double-edged sword and that we should guide economic globalization, rebalance the process of economic globalization and ensure that different countries and different groups of people all share the benefits of economic globalization.The speech has played an important role in helping countries build confidence in the future of economic globalization and work together to make it more inclusive.

Second, China is committed to innovation-driven growth.The slow growth of world economy is mainly due to the lack of internal driving forces, and the fundamental solution lies in breaking the bottleneck by releasing and developing productive forces through innovation.With China's initiative, the 2016 G20 Hangzhou Summit discussed the topic of innovation for the first time and formulated a G 20 Blueprint on Innovative Growth, calling on various parties to seize the opportunities brought by innovation, digital economy and new industrial revolutions and to reach consensus on the priority areas, guiding principles and indicators of structural reform.These unprecedented moves in the G20 history have laid a solid foundation for unleashing the growth potential of world economy and ushering in a new round of world economic growth.

Third, China emphasizes openness and win-win cooperation.With deep integration of the world economy, a community of shared future is formed in which countries are interdependent with intertwined interests.Only by sharing opportunities and interests through opening-up and cooperation can we realize win-win outcomes.In his speech in Davos, President Xi emphasized that China will remain committed to growing an open global economy, practice and promote global cooperation based on openness and vigorously build a global network of free trade arrangements.Thanks to China's efforts, the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting in Beijing made the important decision to kick off the process of a Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP)and endorse The Beijing Roadmap, marking a concrete step in the establishment of the FTAAP.In 2016, facing the setbacks in the global opening-up and cooperation and the Asia-Pacific regional cooperation, President Xi, at the APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting in Lima, called on various parties to stick to the set agenda and translate consensus into concrete and effective actions to realize the FTAAP at an early date, showing China's firm support to advance the open economy of the Asia-Pacific.

Ⅱ.Championing Global Development

As the world's largest developing country and an important representative of the emerging market countries, China is fully aware of the far-reaching implications of development and has been actively committed to advancing shared development in the world.At the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015, President Xi advocated equitable, open, all-round and innovation-driven development, called for greater international development cooperation and announced a series of practical measures in support of such cooperation, which demonstrated China's role as a responsible and constructive major country in the process.President Xi and other world leaders adopted The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development at the summit, charting the course for the development of countries and the international development cooperation in the future.

A year later, China championed development again at the Hangzhou Summit, which set a record in the G20 history in terms of the number of the participating developing countries and the distinctly pro-development agenda and outcomes.For the first time in the G20 history, the Hangzhou Summit put development at a prominent place in the global macro policy coordination framework, adopted the G20 Action Plan on The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and took collective actions in support of the industrialization of African countries and the Least Developed Countries, which was fully recognized and widely acclaimed by developing countries. Not long after the summit, China released its National Plan on the Implementation of The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, amplifying the positive effects of the Hangzhou Summit.It has become one of the highlights in national plans on implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and advanced in tandem domestic and international development agendas.

China has been playing a positive role in working for an early entry into force and implementation of The Paris Agreement on climate change, an important consensus in international development cooperation.③ At China's initiative, a presidency statement on climate change was issued during preparations for the Hangzhou Summit for the first time in the G20 history, in which all members pledged to sign and implement The Paris Agreement at an early date.Under China's thoughtful presidency, the presidents of China and the United States deposited the instruments of joining The Paris Agreement with then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon during the summit, demonstrating the exemplary role of the two countries in addressing climate change.In his speech in Davos, President Xi reiterated China's firm support for The Paris Agreement and called on all signatories to stick to it instead of walking away from it as this is a responsibility countries must assume for future generations.These actions have highlighted China's strong sense of responsibility in addressing climate change.

Ⅲ.Improving the Model of Economic Governance

The global financial crisis has demonstrated that global economic development is unbalanced and the reform of the international financial system has lagged far behind. It has also highlighted the importance and urgency to further strengthen and improve the global economic governance system.The global economic governance system can only provide stronger support to global growth when it adapts to the new global economic landscape and its requirements.As the balance of global economic powers is taking on significant and profound changes, it has become ever more urgent to put in place a global economic governance system that is more equitable, reasonable, reliable and efficient.The most salient feature of the current changes is that China and other emerging market countries have been gradually taking up the central place on the world stage.This has been decided by their rising economic strength and global influence and also represents the trend of the reform and development of the global economic governance system.

By hosting the G20 Hangzhou Summit, China has made a successful attempt to take a more active part in global economic governance and accelerate the reform of the system.④At the opening ceremony of the B20 Summit, President Xi expounded for the first time a comprehensive vision of global economic governance which is based on equality, oriented toward openness, driven by cooperation and aimed at shared benefits.President Xi also called for joint efforts to ensure equitable and efficient global financial governance, open and transparent global trade and investment governance, green and low-carbon global energy governance and inclusive and interconnected global development governance.These proposals have drawn a blueprint for improving the global economic governance system.During its presidency, China vigorously encouraged the G20 to remain relevant and responsive to the changing times, which laid a solid foundation for transforming the G20 from a crisis response mechanism to a long-term governance mechanism and expanding its focus from short-term policy response to a combination of short-, medium-and longterm policymaking, consolidated its status as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, and provided sound institutional safeguard for global economic stability and recovery.

China has been actively promoting the reform of the international financial institutions.During China's G20 presidency, with its strenuous efforts, the longdelayed IMF quota reform plan was followed through, the RMB was included in the SDR currency basket of the IMF, and the International Financial Architecture Working Group, which had been dormant for years, was relaunched.These major breakthroughs in the reform of international financial institutions have greatly increased the representation and the voice of the emerging markets and the developing countries.

China is also an active participant in the establishment of new international economic and financial mechanisms which have complemented the current global economic governance system and international financial institutions.At China's initiative and with its efforts, the BRICS New Development Bank was formally inaugurated, the first international financial institution independently founded by developing countries since World War Ⅱ; the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was formally put into operation, which with its 57 founding members from countries of all sizes from the five continents, has injected new impetus and vigor into the development of international infrastructure and connectivity.

With vision, mechanisms, actions and concrete outcomes, China has been pushing forward the reform of global economic governance.Taking into account both its own development needs and common interests of all countries, China has been spearheading the reform and improvement of the global economic governance system.

Ⅳ.Supporting National Development Strategies

Foreign affairs are the extensions of domestic affairs.To support and promote development has always been the aim and purpose of economic diplomacy.As China becomes ever more integrated into the world, what happens in and outside the country has been more closely interconnected.This means both greater responsibilities and good opportunities for us to support China's development through economic diplomacy.

First, we worked to create a favorable external environment through economic diplomacy.In the past few years, China successfully held multilateral economic summits, engaged intensively in global economic governance, and advanced the reform in the international financial system.These efforts have boosted China's institutional power in the global economic governance and carry great significance in stabilizing the external economic environment, safeguarding China's development interests and expanding space for growth both in the immediate future and in the long run.

Second, we focused on mutually beneficial cooperation to help advance economic transformation at home.Under the framework of“the Belt and Road”Initiative, we took active steps to strengthen complementarity between development strategies of China and relevant countries, deepen practical cooperation in trade, investment, infrastructure, among other fields, and enhance people-to-people exchange, which produced important cooperation agreements and outcomes.China has engaged actively in international cooperation in production capacity and signed agreements with over 30 countries in this field, giving a strong boost to the transformation and upgrading of domestic economic and industrial structure.China made good use of major home diplomacy events to inject vitality and energy into development at sub-national levels. Cities like Hangzhou refreshed their economic and social positions after hosting such major events, putting into reality the goal of“upgrading a city by hosting an international forum”.

Third, we leveraged various mechanisms to safeguard interests of and expand space in China's going-global efforts.There are currently over 30,000 firms operating overseas.The Chinese people made 122 million trips to other parts of the world in 2016.The Chinese Foreign Ministry and Chinese embassies and consulates have acted proactively to provide information and legal services to overseas Chinese companies, strengthen oversight on major projects, and fully protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese businesses and citizens abroad.The Chinese diplomatic missions in foreign countries have taken full advantage of their overseas presence to deliver timely information on relevant countries regarding their policies for economic development and priority areas of cooperation to provinces and cities in China and link up Chinese firms with foreign partners.⑤The foreign ministry has translated new ideas into practice, putting forth the global promotion events, a new hallmark platform for provinces and cities such as Ningxia, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, to explore cooperation opportunities with foreign countries without crossing borders and for diplomatic envoys from around the world to reach Chinese localities without leaving Beijing.

Ⅴ.Sharing China's Development Philosophy

China's rising economic standing and international influence triggered evergrowing reflections and studies in the rest of world on China's economic mode and development path.Many ask,“What are the secrets for China's fast economic growth? Can the Chinese economy be transformed successfully? What are the prospects for the Chinese economy?”On multiple major international occasions such as economic summits, President Xi elaborated on the Chinese path from both angles of history and reality and in comparison with the paths of other countries.He articulated the philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, revealed the essence of the miracle of Chinese growth and shared China's experience with the world.The“Chinese stories”resonate across the globe, showcasing China's confidence in its path, theories, institutions and culture.

At the opening ceremony of the B20 Summit in Hangzhou, President Xi gave a full review of how China was integrated into the world through 38 years of reform and opening up, shared China's experience on development with other countries, and attributed China's success to trail-blazing efforts, result-oriented actions and sharing prosperity.These ideas were warmly received by various communities at home and abroad.⑥At the opening ceremony of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, President Xi gave an overview of the development path with Chinese characteristics, providing a useful reference for the international community.He stressed that the path is based on China's realities, drawing on both the wisdom of its civilization and the practices of other countries in both East and West.The path puts people's interests first.Development is of the people, by the people and for the people.The path has enabled us to unleash productivity and social vitality.It is a pursuit of common development through opening-up.While developing itself, China also shares more of its development outcomes with other countries and peoples.These insightful remarks by President Xi have presented great vitality of China's development path, provided a multi-dimensional perspective from which the world may learn about China's development mode and philosophy, bolstered the confidence of all parties in China's development, and brought China closer to the rest of the world.

2017 is not just another year for China's economic diplomacy.We will host two major events——“the Belt and Road”Forum (BRF)for International Cooperation (the BRF)and the BRICS Summit in Xiamen.They will be opportunities not just for China's own development, but also for the development of other countries and the world economy.“The Belt and Road”Initiative is China's response to the world economic conundrum and the bottleneck in global growth.It is one of the important public goods China provides for the international community.By hosting the BRF, China looks forward to working with all parties to deepen partnership, put in place new platforms for cooperation, and bring about a new landscape of development.By hosting the BRICS Summit, China aims to strengthen South-South cooperation, further raise the position and the role of emerging markets and developing countries in global economy, and inject new impetus for better global economic governance and closer international cooperation for development.

China is marching toward a new era where its economic diplomacy can make remarkable achievements.

(Source:Zhang Jun, Director-General of the Department of International Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, recently published a signed article entitled“China's Economic Diplomacy Entered the New Era”on Foreign Affairs Journal, Spring 2017)

【译文分析】

① 近年来，中国相继成功主办了亚太经合组织(APEC)领导人北京会议、二十国集团(G20)领导人杭州峰会，习主席的经济外交足迹更是遍及联合国发展峰会、金砖国家领导人会晤、G20峰会、APEC领导人会议等多个重大国际场合，发出中国倡议、提出中国方案、贡献中国智慧。

译文：In recent years, China successfully hosted the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in Beijing and the G20 Summit in Hangzhou.President Xi's economic diplomacy can be found on many important international occasions such as the UN Sustainable Development Summit, BRICS Summit, G20 Summit and APEC Economic Leaders'Meeting, where he proposed China's initiatives, solutions and ideas.

分析：专有名词的口译是实践过程中对基本功的考察，译者要掌握常用的国际组织名称的中英转换，及时做出反应。在本句中，APEC、G20以及BRICS就属于常见的专有名词。原文中的“中国倡议、中国方案和中国智慧”在口译中为合并译法，省事简单。“倡议、方案和智慧”如果临场译为“proposals, plans and intelligence”，亦为可选方案。

② 习主席提出打造富有活力的增长模式、开放共赢的合作模式、公正合理的治理模式、平衡普惠的发展模式，指出了世界经济化解矛盾、走出困境的新路径。

译文：He also proposed a new way to lift the world economy out of trouble by calling for building a dynamic growth model, a model of open and win-win cooperation, a model of fair and equitable governance and a model of balanced and inclusive development.

分析：如果是同传本句，因为要遵从顺句译法，“提出”和“指出”是有先后顺序的，来不及变更；如果是交传，则采用先译“指出”更符合英文的习惯。因为是接上下文，本句的主语和前句一致，所以不再重复译“习主席”。在译“模式”一词时采用统一译法“model”，既符合中文的原文，也能使英文中的句型保持一致。译文中巧妙地将“化解矛盾、走出困境”译在“lift the world economy out of trouble”这一个句式中，更加简洁明了。

③ G20杭州峰会筹备期间，在中方的大力倡导下，G20发表了历史上第一份气候变化问题主席声明，各成员一致承诺率先签署和落实气候变化《巴黎协定》。峰会期间，在中方的精心安排下，中美两国领导人共同向时任联合国秘书长潘基文交存《巴黎协定》批准文书，展现了在应对气候变化问题上的表率作用。

译文：At China's initiative, a presidency statement on climate change was issued during preparations for the Hangzhou Summit for the first time in the G20 history, in which all members pledged to sign and implement The Paris Agreement at an early date.Under China's thoughtful presidency, the presidents of China and the United States deposited the instruments of joining The Paris Agreement with then UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon during the summit, demonstrating the exemplary role of the two countries in addressing climate change.

分析：被动句是口译中较难处理的句式。本句的中文原文中“G20发表声明”在英文中译为“声明被发表”是因为中英文句的主体不同，在实际口译中需要做出相应处理，及时进行调整。“《巴黎协定》”是专有名词，口译过程中要正确使用，译为“the Paris Agreement”。考虑到联合国秘书长已经进行了更替，原文中使用了“时任”概念，译者要及时注意到增加“then”的表达。

④ 习主席在G20工商峰会(B20)开幕式上首次系统提出以平等为基础、以开放为导向、以合作为动力、以共享为目标的全球经济治理观，倡导共同构建公正高效的全球金融治理格局、开放透明的全球贸易和投资治理格局、绿色低碳的全球能源治理格局、包容联动的全球发展治理格局，为完善全球经济治理体系描绘了路线图。

译文：At the opening ceremony of the B20 Summit, President Xi expounded for the first time a comprehensive vision of global economic governance which is based on equality, oriented toward openness, driven by cooperation and aimed at shared benefits.President Xi also called for joint efforts to ensure equitable and efficient global financial governance, open and transparent global trade and investment governance, green and low-carbon global energy governance and inclusive and interconnected global development governance.These proposals have drawn a blueprint for improving the global economic governance system.

分析：该句为典型的中文报告句式，带有很长的宾语结构，并夹带复杂的修饰语。译者要做出正确的预判，“提出观念”“倡导格局”是中文报告中常见的模式，该句型有可能会带有比较多的中文前置语，所以口译现场要先给出主体结构，然后添加相应的英文后置语，以符合两种语言的表述习惯。在涉及动宾句型结时，前置修饰语处理为动名词结构，或者断句另起新句，以保证句意完整。

⑤ 外交部还积极改革创新，主动打造省市全球推介活动的新品牌，先后为宁夏、广西、陕西、四川、贵州、云南举办推介活动，让各个地方不出国就能同各国探讨合作，让各国使节不出北京就能同各地进行交流对接。

译文：The foreign ministry has translated new ideas into practice, putting forth the global promotion events, a new hallmark platform for provinces and cities such as Ningxia, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, to explore cooperation opportunities with foreign countries without crossing borders and for diplomatic envoys from around the world to reach Chinese localities without leaving Beijing.

分析：中文中的行政区划和英文是不同的，中文中有省、自治区、直辖市、市、县、镇、乡、村等说法，而英文中对应的行政区划说法不同，无法一一考虑到，所以就相应按照中文习惯译为province和city两个基本级别。在翻译省、市名称时，一律采用国家通用的拼音方式。

⑥ 在达沃斯世界经济论坛年会开幕式上，习主席概括总结中国特色发展道路，为国际社会提供有益借鉴，强调中国发展道路从本国国情出发确立，从中华文明中汲取智慧，博采东西方各家之长；把人民利益放在首位；在人民中寻找发展动力、依靠人民推动发展、使发展造福人民；不断解放和发展社会生产力，不断解放和增强社会活力；在开放中谋求共同发展，实现自身发展的同时更多惠及其他国家和人民。

译文：At the opening ceremony of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, President Xi gave an overview of the development path with Chinese characteristics, providing a useful reference for the international community.He stressed that the path is based on China's realities, drawing on both the wisdom of its civilization and the practices of other countries in both East and West.The path puts people's interests first.Development is of the people, by the people and for the people.The path has enabled us to unleash productivity and social vitality.It is a pursuit of common development through opening-up.While developing itself, China also shares more of its development outcomes with other countries and peoples.

分析：本句为一个主句，带有三个平行级别的意思表述，在遇到带有多层动宾结构的句子时，译者需要及时调整，切分为多个完整句子，同时借用大家熟悉的“of the people, by the people and for the people”，翻译为“在人民中寻找发展动力、依靠人民推动发展、使发展造福人民”。通过切分句子，译者能更加灵活地掌握主体结构，并做适当添减。