- 何兆熊《综合教程(5)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
- 圣才电子书
- 2字
- 2021-05-21 22:22:38
Unit 5
一、词汇短语
Text I
force [fC:s] n. 力量;武力,暴力;[ pl. ](总称)军队,部队
vt. 强迫,迫使;推动
【例句】It’s not proper to force your idea upon others. 把自己的想法强加于人是不恰当的。
【词组】in force生效;在施行中(= into force)
force on 强加于,强迫…接受
sentiment [5sentimEnt] n. 柔情,伤感,多愁善感;思想感情,情绪,情操
【例句】This author runs to sentiment. 这个作家流露出伤感之情。
【派生】sentimental adj. 感伤的;感情脆弱的
magnitude [5mA^nitju:d] n. 大小;量级;[地震] 震级;重要;光度
【例句】You haven’t realized the magnitude of her achievement. 你没有认识到她这一成就的重大意义。
【助记】magn(大)+itude(表状态)→大的状态→广大
keep back v. 保持,坚持;抑制;遵守
【例句】Hearing the sad news, she couldn’t keep back her tears.听到那个可悲的消息,她忍不住落泪了。
treason [5tri:zn] n. 谋反,通敌,叛国罪
【例句】He was executed for treason. 他因叛国罪已处死。
【助记】记忆:t(提)+reason。叛国是需要提出理由的。叛国,背信。
【派生】treasonable adj. 不忠的;叛逆的,谋反的
disloyalty [9dIs`lRIEltI] n. 不忠实;不贞,不义;背信弃义
【例句】He hated happiness bought with disloyalty and cruelty and indifference. 他憎恨用不忠、残忍和冷漠换来的幸福.
majesty [5mAdVisti] n. (cap)陛下(对国王或王后的称呼);宏伟,庄严
【例句】The majesty of the skyscraper awed me. 这幢摩天大厦的雄伟气势令我惊叹。
【派生】majestic adj. 庄严的;宏伟的
revere [ri5viE] v. 深为尊敬或(尤指宗教上)崇敬某人(某事物)
【例句】Students revere the old professor. 学生尊敬这位老教授。
indulge [in5dQldV] v. 纵容,放任;沉迷,沉溺于
【例句】His father sometimes indulges in a cigarette. 他的父亲有时沉迷于抽烟。
disposed [dI5spEJzd] adj. 愿意的,乐意的;有…倾向的
【例句】I am disposed to agree with you as far as the selection of the location of the new theatre.
就新剧院的选址问题我倾向于你的观点。
【搭配】well/ill disposed towards sb/sth 对某人 [某事物] 有好感 [无好感]
temporal [5tempErEl] adj. 世俗的,现世的;时间的,表示时间的;太阳穴的
【例句】In certain cases the temporal variation is more complicated. 在某些情况中,时间上的变化更为复杂。
【搭配】temporal distribution时间分布
temporal logic时序逻辑;时间逻辑
provide [prE5vaid] v. 提供,供给
【例句】He has a wife and seven children to provide for. 他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。
【词组】provide with供给,装备上
provide against为…作好准备,预防(灾荒,困难)
provide oneself 自备;自办
provide for 供养,供给;规定;为…作准备
provide service 提供服务
【派生】provision n. 规定;条款;准备;供应品
solace [5sClEs] n. & vt. 安慰,缓和,减轻(悲痛等)
【例句】His work has been a real solace to him. 他从工作中得到莫大的慰藉。
【词组】give sb. solace 给某人安慰
a great solace to 对…来说是极大的安慰
take one’s solace in drink 借酒消愁
solace oneself with something 用某物(或某事)安慰自己
【助记】so,lace(蕾丝花边):用蕾丝花边安慰你女友受伤的心灵
insidious [in5sidiEs] adj. 阴险的,暗中为害的,隐伏的,潜在的
【例句】That insidious man bad-mouthed me to almost everyone else. 那个阴险的家伙几乎见人便说我的坏话。
【搭配】an insidious disease潜伏的疾病
insidious jealousy暗暗产生的忌妒
petition [pi5tiFEn] n. 请愿;请愿书;向…请愿(祈求)
【例句】The villagers all signed a petition asking for a hospital to be built. 村民们都在请愿书上签名要求建一所医院。
【词组】grant sb.’s petition批准某人的请求
petition sb. for/to do sth. 恳请某人做某事
【助记】compete 竞争由 com + pete 一起寻求;音:迫提申,紧迫地提出申请(要求某事)。
【派生】petitionary adj. 请愿的,为请愿的;请求的
snare [sneE] n. (捕兽的)陷阱,罗网,圈套;诱惑物
v. 捕捉,险胜
【例句】Most of the people realized that their scheme was simply a snare and a delusion.
大多数人都认识到他们的诡计不过是一个骗人的圈套。
【词组】a snare for 给…设的圈套
snare a rabbit in a trap 以陷阱捕兔
【助记】音:丝+ net 丝做的网来当陷井
comport [kEm5pC:t] v. 相称;适合;一致
【例句】Such actions do not comport with your high status. 那样的行为与你崇高的社会地位不相称.
call in召集,召来;邀请;拜访
【例句】①Call in an architect or surveyor to oversee the work. 找个建筑师或监理员来监工。
②The book was libelous, so the publishers had to call in all copies of it from the bookshops. 这是一本诽谤性的书,所以出版商必须把店里的书全收回去.
subjugation [7sQbdVu5^eiFEn] n. 征服;镇压;克制
【例句】They have maintained their optimism in the face of desolating subjugation. 面对遭征服的悲惨命运,他们保持了乐观的态度。
martial [5mB:FEl] adj. 战争的,军事的
【例句】He faced a court martial for disobeying orders. 他因不服从命令受到军法审判。
【搭配】martial art 武术(源于东方的几种搏斗技巧)
array [E5rei] n. 展示,陈列;排列整齐的一队人,一长列(物品);(特殊场合穿的)盛装
【例句】①She put on her finest array. 她穿上了最漂亮的衣服。
②The general arrayed his troops. 将军部署部队。
【词组】an array of 一排;一批;大量
【助记】ar(一再)+ray(光线)→一再排列光线
submission [sEb5miFEn] n. 屈服,降服,服从;谦卑,恭顺;提交;意见
【例句】①They tried to starve him into submission. 他们试图用饥饿来使他屈服。
②In my submission, the witness is lying. 本人认为,证人所言不实。
【词组】submission (to sb./sth.) 归顺;降服;投降
in submission to the will of God服从上帝的意旨
in my submission 据我个人的意见…,照我看来…
forge [fC:dV] v. 铸造;假造,伪造
n. 锻工车间;铁匠铺;锻炉
【例句】The ship forged ahead under a favorable wind. 船乘风快速前进。
【助记】音:复制(该词主要是制的意思)→伪造,制造,铸造,锻造,(锻压机)稳步向前,铁匠铺里仿造
entreaty [in5tri:ti] n. 恳求,乞求
【例句】He felt very uncomfortable and looked entreaty at us. 他感到很不自在,用恳求的目光望着我们。
supplication [9sQplI`keIFEn] n. 恳求,祈祷
【例句】He raised his arms in a gesture of supplication. 他举起双手,做祈求状。
beseech [bi5si:tF] v. 恳求,乞求
【例句】She continued to beseech him not to disturb her. 她仍旧求他不要打搅她。
avert [E5vE:t] v. 防止,避免;转移(目光、注意力等)
【例句】Accidents can be averted by careful driving. 谨慎驾驶可避免发生事故。
【助记】a+vert(旋转,反转);a+vert。遇到不想见的人,绕开走,避开,转移。
【派生】avertable adj. 可避开的;可防止的
remonstrate [ri5mCnstreit] v. 责备;告诫;抗议;表示异议
【例句】She opened her mouth to remonstrate, but became silent. 她只是劝了几句就不作声了。
【搭配】remonstrate about 就…进行争辩
remonstrate against 抗议
prostrate [prCs5treit] adj. 俯卧的;降服的;沮丧的
v. 使屈服,使弄倒
【例句】①Percy was lying prostrate, his arms outstretched and his eyes closed. 珀西闭着眼四仰八叉地平躺着。
②Western Europe was prostrate and the United States was demobilized. 西欧一蹶不振,美国已经复员。
throne [WrEun] n. 王位,君权;御座,宝座
【例句】He ascended the throne when he was only fifteen. 他15岁时就登基了。
【词组】take the throne 登基为王,加冕为王
be on the throne在位
【助记】th发音字母音c,就是crown。
implore [im5plC:] v. 恳求,哀求,央求
【例句】She implored me to do her a favor. 她恳求我帮她这个忙。
【搭配】mplore sb’s forgiveness, mercy, etc 乞求某人原谅、宽恕等
interposition [in7tE:pE5ziFEn] n. 干涉,介入;插入,放入
【例句】It is equally impossible that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. 我们对于这种干涉,不论何种方式,都不能熟视无睹.
tyrannical [ti5rAnikEl] adj. (似)暴君的,专制的,暴虐的
【例句】She married to get away from her tyrannical mother. 她为了脱离她那个暴虐的母亲而结婚。
【搭配】tyrannical government苛政
tyrannical regime sordid专制政体
slight [slait] adj. 纤弱的,脆弱的;微不足道的;轻微的
v. 轻视
【例句】I have a slight headache. 我有点轻微的头疼。
【助记】s+light(轻的)→轻微的
disregard [7disri5^B:d] v. & n. 不理会,不顾,忽视
【例句】He utterly disregarded my warnings and met with an accident. 他全然不听我的警告,结果出了事故。
【词组】in disregard of 不顾,无视
【助记】dis(表否定)+regard(关心,注意)→不关心,不注意→不顾,不管
spurn [spE:n] v. 唾弃;冷落;藐视
【例句】As an armyman, I spurn fearlessly at all danger and the enemy. 作为一个军人,一切危险和敌人丝毫不在我的眼下。
inviolate [In5vaIElEt] adj. 无污点的;未亵渎的;未受侵犯的
【例句】We believed our love was inviolate. 我们相信我们的爱情坚如磐石。
inestimable [in5estimEbl] adj. 无法评估的,无价的,非常贵重的
【例句】The inestimable value of our Federal Union is felt and acknowledged by all.
我们联邦联盟的不可估量的价值为众人所感受和认可。
contend [kEn5tend] v. 搏斗,争斗;争,竞争;声称,主张
【例句】The boy contended that I took the book. 那孩子硬说我拿了那本书。
【词组】contend for争取
【助记】con(共同)+tend(延伸,伸展)→共同伸展→彼此竞争
【派生】contention n. 争论,争辩;争夺;论点
basely [beisli] adv. 卑鄙地,下贱地
【例句】He was basely slandered by his enemies. 他受到仇敌卑鄙的诋毁。
formidable [5fC:midEbl] adj. 大而可怕的,令人畏惧的;难以应付的,难以战胜的
【例句】The head of the research section was a formidable old professor. 研究室主任是个令人望而生畏的老教授。
【助记】for+mid(看作mad)+able→为此而疯的,因为太害怕——可怕的。
【派生】formidably adv. 强大地;难对付地;可怕地
adversary [5AdvEsEri] n. 对手,敌手,敌人
【例句】He saw her as his main adversary within the company. 他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
【助记】advers(敌对的)+ary(名词后缀)→敌手
irresolution [i7rezE5lju:FEn] n. 优柔寡断,犹豫不决
【例句】A lack of certainty that often leads to irresolution. 疑惑缺少肯定而导致犹豫不决。
effectual [i5fektjuEl] adj. 奏效的,有效的
【例句】This is the only effectual way to secure our present and future happiness. 这是确保我们现在及以后都会幸福的唯一有效途径。
supinely [sju:5painli] adv. 掌心向上地,俯卧地
【例句】I supinely begin look goes against beautiful scene, unconsciously infatuated. 我仰起头看着顶上的美景,不觉痴迷。
delusive [di5lju:siv] adj. 欺瞒的,使迷惑的
【例句】As an investment product, it has the dual characteristics: preservation & appreciation and delusive bubbles.
作为投资品,它具有保值增值与虚幻泡沫的双重属性。
phantom [5fAntEm] n. 幽灵,鬼怪
【例句】The castle is said to be haunted by a phantom. 据说那座城堡时常闹鬼。
【词组】the legend of the phantom ship 鬼船的传说
【助记】phan显现,tom征兆-有显现的征兆-幻觉
vigilant [5vidVilEnt] adj. 警惕的,警醒的;注意的
【例句】The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house. 这只狗警惕地守护着这所房屋。
【助记】vigil( n. 守夜;警觉),ant-警觉的 读:危机lant,时时刻刻有危机感-警觉的
clanging [klANiN] n. 叮当声;铿锵声
【例句】The bell was heard clanging loudly through the vast gloomy mansion. 响亮的铃声叮叮当当传遍了阴森的大公馆。
extenuate [iks5tenjueit] vt. 减轻;低估;为…找借口;使人原谅
【例句】Nothing can extenuate such appalling behavior. 这种骇人听闻的行径罪不可恕。
gale [^eil] n. 大风,狂风
【例句】A gale was blowing and the sea was choppy. 狂风大作,海面上波浪起伏。
clash [klAF] v. 冲突,交锋,产生矛盾;发出金属的撞击声
n. 冲突,不一致
【例句】The enemy armies clashed near the border. 敌军在边境附近发生冲突。
【词组】clash with 与…冲突,不调和
【助记】crash撞毁;lash结尾的词有打,击的意思,c磕 + lash两东西磕撞在一起,
l看成棍子,剑之间的撞击,crash是r,撞得车,脸都开花了。
brethren [5breTrEn] n. 兄弟们,同胞
【例句】Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. 我们并没有置我们的英国弟兄于不顾。
Text II
wither [5wiTE] v. (使)枯萎,(使)凋谢
【例句】Crops wither after they are cut. 庄稼割下后就会枯萎。
manacle [5mAnEkl] n. [ pl. ] 镣铐,手铐
vault [vC:lt] n. 拱顶,穹隆顶;(有天然拱顶的)洞穴,(拱顶)地下室,地窖;储藏室,金库;保险库
【例句】She keeps her jewelry in the bank’s vault. 她将自己的首饰存放在银行的保险库里。
hallowed [`hAlEJd] adj. 神圣的
【例句】The hallowed portals of academe were slowly and grudgingly opening to women.
大学神圣的大门缓慢又勉强地向女性敞开。
desolate [5desElit] adj. 孤独凄凉的,阴郁的,可怜的;荒凉的,荒废的
【例句】The little children were left desolate. 孩子们被抛下无人照管。
【助记】de + sole 单独;isolate 使隔离,孤立。
【派生】desolation n. 荒芜;忧伤;孤寂;废墟
revolt [ri5vEult] v. & n. 反抗,反叛
【例句】The stomach revolts at such food. 这种食物令人感到恶心。
【词组】in revolt 反抗;造反
revolt against 反感;厌恶
revolt at 厌恶;憎恶
【助记】re(反)+volt(转)→反过来转→叛乱