1.3 [3] 景公饮酒酲三日而后发晏子谏

齐景公饮酒醉卧三天后才起，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公饮酒酲，三日后而发。晏子见曰：“君病酒乎？”公曰：“然。”晏子曰：“古之饮酒也，足以通气合好而已矣。故男不群乐以妨事，女不群乐以妨功。男女群乐者，周觞五献，过之者诛。君身服之，故外无怨治，内无乱行。今一日饮酒，而三日寝之，国治怨乎外，左右乱乎内。以刑罚自防者，劝乎为非；以赏誉自劝者，惰乎为善；上离德行，民轻赏罚，失所以为国矣。愿君节之也！”

【今译】

齐景公喝醉了酒，三天后才起来。晏子（听说后）拜见景公说：“您醉酒了吗？”景公说：“是的。”晏子说：“古时候的人喝酒，能够疏通气血友善关系就停止了。所以男人们不在一起饮酒作乐以免影响做事，女人们也不在一起饮酒作乐以免影响女工。男女在一起饮酒作乐时，相互敬酒不能超过五次，超过了就会受到责罚。君主以身作则，所以朝廷之外没有积压不理的政务，朝廷之内没有混乱不法的行为。现在您一天喝醉了酒，就睡了三天，外有积压不理的政务，内有混乱不法的亲随。害怕犯法受罚的人，频繁地为非作歹；希望得到奖赏、荣誉的人，也懒于做善事；君主丧失了德行，百姓不重视赏罚，国家也就失去了立国之本。希望您能节制饮酒！”

Duke Jing drank w ine,and after a three-day hangover he recovered.

Yanzi came for an audience w ith him and said: “Were you suffering from a hangover?”

The Duke said: “Yes.”

Yanzi said: “In ancient times,the drinking of w ine was sufficient merely to enhance blood circulation and to make people friendly—that and nothing more. Therefore,men did not allow a social gathering for entertainment purposes to hinder their duties,and women did not permit themselves to hinder their tasks. When men and women held large social gatherings for entertainment,five rounds of drinking took place,and those who exceeded this were severely punished. The ruler himself observed this rule,and therefore the governmental policies did not provoke resentment in the country at large and the entourage did not create disorder w ithin the court. But now you drink w ine all day long and sleep it off for three days. There is resentment against the governmental policies in the country at large,and your entourage creates disorder w ithin the court. Those who should curb themselves by punishments and are incited to w rongdoing and those who should be self-m otivated by rewards and praise are dissuaded from acting well. Superiors depart from virtuous conduct; people belittle rewards and punishments,and the basis for maintaining the state is lost. I w ish,my Lord,that you would restrain your drinking.”