21 It appears that…是一个有用的句型

问:我在学习中碰到这样一个句子:(1)It appears from your statement that I am wrong.请问句中that引出的是什么从句?是表语从句还是主语从句?或者是宾语从句?我感到困惑,请解释。

答:句(1)中的appear是连系动词(linking verb),其意为:“看来,似乎,好像”(to seem, to be likely, to give to other people a particular idea or feeling, eg. about one’s character, feelings, or intentions),连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,常见的除appear外还有be、become、get、look、remain、seem等。表示感(知)觉的动词,如feel,smell,sound,taste等也可以用作连系动词,有些可以和形容词连用的动词也是连系动词,多表示状态的变化。例如:blow(open),blush(red),break(loose),grow(worse),fall(ill),prove(wrong),stand(quiet),wax(merry)等。appear通常多用于正式或书面语,其后的表语可以是名词、形容词、分词,不定式也可以是由that等引导的从句。

例如:

(2)He may appear a fool but actually he’s quite clever.

(3)The city appeared calm after the previous night’s fighting.

(4)He appeared perplexed.

(5)He appeared not to have heard what had been said.

(6)It appears unlikely that the UN would consider making such a move.(看来联合国不太可能考虑采取这样的步骤。)

(7)It appears to me that you are all mistaken.

我们说that引导的是表语从句(predicative clause),但有一些语法学家持不同看法,认为appear是一个完全动词,it是引词,that引导主语从句。其实,可以把It appears that…看作是一种结构或句型来记忆。又如:

(8)It presently appeared that he had a taste for music.

应该记住,该句型也可有一些相应的变化:It appears that(或as if)…例如:

(9)It appears that(as if)he will win the prize.

(10)It appears as if they’ve lost interest.

还可以说:It appears to sb. that…如上述例句(7),还可以说It would appear that…,例如:

(11)It would appear that the driver of the car was drunk.

应该记住的句型还有:It appears(seems)(to be)to inf.(主要是to be)。例如:

(12)It appears(seems)to him to be all right.

同样,该句型后接that引导的表语从句时,appear和seem可以互换使用,而意思基本不变。例如:

(13)It appears(seems)that the book is too difficult for us.

It appears that…中的that可以省略,尤其是在口语中。例如:

(14)It appears(that)the weather will be nice.

(15)—You’re taking good care of me. —It appears someone must.

应该注意的是,这一句型通常不用进行时态。由于appear用作不及物动词或连系动词,不要求有动作的承受者(宾语),因此,不宜把It appears that…句型中的that从句看作宾语从句。