教育类 Education

LIST 1

behavior [bɪ’heɪvjə] ★★★★★

n. 行为

➢ In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. (C4T4) 在许多国家的学校中，学生的行为有严重的问题。

increasingly [ɪn’kriːsɪŋli] ★★★★★

adv. 逐渐地；越来越

➢ Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly w idespread problem. (C4T4) 学生行为不良似乎是一个越来越普遍的问题。

aware [ə’weə(r)] ★★★★★

adj. 意识到的

➢ But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. (C4T4) 但我认为，解决这个问题的办法在于家庭，他们（家长）需要更加意识到溺爱孩子的后果。

raise [reɪz] ★★★★★

v. 培养；抚养

➢ If parents could raise their children to be considerate of others and to be responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit. (C4T4) 如果父母能把他们的孩子培养成为负责任的、关心他人的人，那么整个社会都将受益。

allow [ə’laʊ] ★★★★★

v. 允许

➢ Some children are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. (C4T4) 有些孩子可以不顾价格，拥有他们想要的，随心而行。

grow up ★★★★★

长大

➢ This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from. (C4T4) 这意味着孩子们长大后不顾他人，也不知道他们的美好生活从何而来。

responsible [rɪ’spɒnsəbl] ★★★★★

adj. 负责任的

➢ I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this. (C4T4)我认为现代的生活方式可能是原因之一。

self-control [’selfkən’trəJl] ★★★★★

n. 自控

➢ When they get to school age they have not learnt any self-control or discipline. (C4T4) 当他们到了上学年龄时，还没有学会自控和自律。

obey [ə’beɪ] ★★★★★

v. 遵守

➢ Children have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did. (C4T4) 孩子们对他们的老师不那么尊重，也不像他们的父母那样遵守学校的规定。

complain [kəm’pleɪn] ★★★★

v. 抱怨

➢ Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation (C4T4) 教师们不断地抱怨这个问题，我们应该采取措施来应对这种情况。

nursery school ★★★

幼儿园

➢ High quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. (C4T4) 我们可以建立高质量的幼儿园，来更多地支持家庭培养下一代。

encourage [ɪn’kʌrɪdʒ] ★★★★★

v.鼓励

➢ In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. (C5T2) 在一些国家，年轻人被鼓励在高中学业和开始大学学业之间的一年中工作或旅行。

common [‘kɒmən] ★★★★★

adj. 常见的

➢ It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. (C5T2)如今，我们经常能听到很多国家的年轻人在高中毕业后有了休息的时间。

independen t [ˌɪndɪ’pendənt] ★★★★★

adj. 独立的

➢ The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time. (C5T2)这一趋势并不局限于有钱去旅行的学生，在那些选择去工作获得经济独立的贫困学生中也很明显。

recognition [ˌrekəɡ’nɪʃn] ★★★★

n. 承认；认出

➢ The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. (C5T2)这一趋势可能是因为基于这样的认识，一个从高中毕业直接进入大学的年轻人，在常识和社会经验方面都有不足。

earnaliving ★★★★★

谋生

➢ Those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (C5T2) 那些花了一些时间谋生或去其他地方旅行的人，有更广阔的人生视野和更好的可以利用的个人资源。

research [rɪ’sɜːtʃ] ★★★★★

n. 研究

➢ They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academ ic study and research. (C5T2) 他们往往更独立，这对于学术学习和研究是一个非常重要的因素。

challenge [‘tʃælɪndʒ] ★★★★★

n. 挑战

➢ This will give them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life. (C5T2) 这将使他们更好地应对学校生活中的挑战。

academ ic [ˌækə’demɪk] ★★★★★

adj. 学术的

➢ Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. (C5T2) 年轻的成年人可能永远不会回到他们的研究中去，或者发现自己很难再适应一个学术环境。

qualification [ˌkwɒlɪfɪ’keɪʃn] ★★★★★

n. 资格

➢ Academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career. (C5T2) 学历对于找一份好的工作来说十分重要。

broaden one’s horizon ★★★★★

开阔视野

➢ My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. (C5T2) 我的观点是，应该鼓励年轻人开阔视野。

get a clear perspective ★★★★

清楚地了解

➢ That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. (C5T2) 这是最好的方法来让他们清楚地了解，他们希望在生活中做些什么以及为什么要这么做。

motivated [‘məʊtɪveɪtɪd] ★★★★

adj. 有动力的

➢ Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones. (C5T2) 持有这样观点的学生通常是最有执行力和最有动力的。

characteristic [ˌkærəktə’rɪstɪk] ★★★★★

n. 特点；特性

➢ Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. (C5T4) 研究表明，我们与生俱来的性格对特性和发展的影响比生活中的任何经历都要大得多。

character [‘kærəktə(r)] ★★★★★

n. 性格；品质

➢ If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person form the moment they were born. (C5T4)如果这不是真的，那么在他们出生的那一刻，我们就能够预测他们的行为和性格。

personality [ˌpɜːsə’næləti] ★★★★★

n. 个性；性格

➢ Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture). (C5T4) 然而，我们仍然无法确定一个人的个性和发展是否更受遗传因素(先天)或环境(后天)的影响。

mental [‘mentl] ★★★★★

adj. 心理的

➢ Today the way we consider hum an psycho logy and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. (C5T4)如今，我们思考人类心理和智力发展的方式受到了基因科学的极大影响。

understand [ˌʌndə’stænd] ★★★★★

v. 了解；理解

➢ We now understand the importance to inherited characteristics more than ever before. (C5T4) 我们现在比以往任何时候都更了解遗传特性的重要性。

inherited [ɪn’herɪtɪd] ★★★★

adj. 遗传的

➢ Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. (C5T4) 关于同卵双胞胎的研究强调了遗传特性对个体生命的重要意义。

circum stance [‘sɜːkəmstəns] ★★★★★

n. 环境

➢ But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. (C5T4) 但是，这些特性是否能够在一个人的性格中发展，肯定取决于环境是否允许这样的发展。

experience [ɪk’spɪəriəns] ★★★★★

n. 经验

➢ It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful. (C5T4) 我们在生活中的经历似乎是如此的不可预知，如此强大。

confirm [kən’fɜːm] ★★★★

v. 证实

➢ There seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this. (C5T4)似乎有大量的研究结果证实了这一点。

in fluence [‘ɪnfluəns] ★★★★

n. 影响

➢ My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. (C5T4) 我的观点是，人的生活中不存在一个主导的影响。

trait [treɪt] ★★★★

n. 特质；特征；特性

➢ Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. (C5T4) 相反，我们从父母那里继承的特质以及我们在生活中遇到的情况和经历，都在不断地相互作用。

inconclusion ★★★★★

总之

➢ In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person. (C5T4) 总之，我不认为先天因素或后天因素对人有主导性的影响。

in teraction [ˌɪntər’ækʃn] ★★★★★

n. 相互作用

➢ It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. (C5T4) 正是这两者的相互作用塑造了一个人的个性，并决定了这样的性格如何发展。

unpredictable [ˌʌnprɪ’dɪktəbl] ★★★★

adj. 不可预知的

➢ How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life. (C5T4) 这些因素相互作用的方式至今仍不为人所知，而且在一个人的生活中，这些因素在很大程度上是不可预测的。

talent [‘tælənt] ★★★★★

n. 天赋；才华

➢ It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. (C7T1) 人们普遍认为，有些人天生就有某些天赋，比如体育或音乐，而有些人则不然。

natural [‘nætʃrəl] ★★★★★

adj. 天生的；自然的

➢ The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in. (C7T1) 当人们试图解释不同程度的能力时，天赋和训练的相对重要性是一个经常讨论的话题。

education system ★★★★★

教育体制；教育制度

➢ Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills. (C7T1) 很明显，教育体制是基于这样一种理念，即所有的孩子都能被有效地教导以习得不同的技能。