Abstract

After modern times，socialism is a symbol of a glorious society in people's heart．For hundreds of years，just for yearning for the heartfelt dream and unremitting pursuit，innumerable people step into the breach as another fall，bravely probe into the thought and practice of“What is Socialism and How to construct Socialism”，but different people reach different answers to that．In which there are a great quantity of real knowledge and deep insight and penetrating judgment，and a host of incredible statements and actions constrained by age and condition．In spite of they have both strong and weak points，they reflect the immeasurable fortitude people have committed in the course of creating the history and pursuing the laws of social development．

In the late 1980s and early 1990s，the Soviet Union disintegrated and several socialist countries in the East Europe took place tremendoud change，socialist movement suffered severe trials，the brilliance of scientific socialism was sheltered in the West．From this the tortuous history tells us that，the advanced and scitific thing sometimes develop through an indirect and distort way．Undoubtedly，the course of the development of the theory and thoughts present the same situation．Today，in China，socialist construction is advancing amidst songs of triumph．The main reason for socialist China's success is the Chinese nation hold high the great banner of Marxism and Linism，the Maozedong Thought and theories of socialism with Chinese Charactristics，and fears no risks to forge ahead with determination．At the same time，China draws precious experience of other countries’socialist construction，which including Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction．How to draw the valuable essence from Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction and avoid its fraud，and how to shorten the distance from the reality to ideal rationaly，is a significant task．

Bukharin，a Marxist pioneer of Soviet Russia who positively pursue the question of“What is Socialism and How to construct Socialism”．In spite of committing a lot of errors，in spite of being defiled，the history has proved that Bukharin is a Marxist theorist and economist，who has an inquiring mind，adheres to the truth，bravely creates new theory，works hard for trying to get the answer for that important question in the tough age （ 1920-1930）．After Lenin passed away in 1924，Bukharin put forward some creative and systematical views about how to start the socialist construction from the reality of the Soviet Russian which bases on a backward condition and is confronted with complicated situation，which reflects he expounds profoundly the socialist construction on the political，the economic and cultural fields．

After the reality smashed theillusion of building socialism through military communist approach，in 1921，the Soviet Russia began to apply the New Economic Policy which was put by Lenin．The thoughts of socialist construction of Bukharin's changed from radical to practical．He came to realize deeply that consolidate and develop socialism is a very complicated thing，he raised that develop productive forces and deal with production relations smoothly，put forward democracy and legality，meet the people's necessary need，eliminate class difference，etc，should be taken into consideration when dealing with construction．Bukharin considered that the theory of socialist construction should not be created from the mind，people should not understand Marxism in a uncomprehensive view，socialist construction should consider concrete condition of a country and its characteristics，should seriously investigate and research reality and try to find out an appropriate way that suit to the nation's state and people take delight in following it．

Through the statements of Bukharin's articles and workswhich were written after the New Economic Policy put into effect in 1921，we can find that his thoughts of socialist construction has grown into a systematic entirety．Its starting point is the Soviet Russia's backward condition，its guiding idea is that a steady and developing society should keep its parts keep an effctive and dynamic balance．Bukharin recognized that the government should make a safe plan to meet people's need which is the important impetus of the development of the society，promoting productive forces and raise efficiency is the fundamental channel to develop socialism．He put that the socialist construction in the Soviet Russia should rely on the strength of dictatorship of the proletariat led by the Communist Party，implement the task of decreasing social contradiction and class disparity，remould the residents and reduce the gap between the city and country．Bukharin stuck to and developed the New Economic Policy，he appealed that the leader should in a balanced and peaceful way，apply a reformist approach to construct socialism，and reach the ideal socialist society in which the country is rich and civilized and the people are prosperous and cultured．

Of course，because of the restrict of the historical factors and other reason，Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction has some flaws and defects．We should in a historical and dialectical view to examine it and draw a realistic comment based on facts．

People will become sensible if he can drawlessons and learn experience from the history．We research the history just for giving service to the reality．There are a lot of things in Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction which are similar to the questions that we are facing when we carry on the socialist construction with Chinese Charactristics now．In this dissertation，along Bukharin's thought of“think painstakingly and draw the conclusion that should be made”，I combine Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction and the historical condition of the Soviet Russia，try my best to avoid exaggerating and being overcritical．From the perspective of entirety，this dissertation keeps to the subject of Bukharin's thoughts of socialist construction on politics，economy，culture and society field，systematically researches it and sum up its experience and lessons objectively，works hard to find out the“new things”that it has and the significance and the limits of it and try to examine its cause．Doing all this is just for serving for the socialist construction with Chinese Charactristics forging ahead in a better way．

Past experience，if not forgotten，is a guide for the future．The socialist construction thoughts of Bukharin's is just like a mirror of history，reflecting the experience and the lesson that can be drawn from the Soviet Russia's socialist construction from 1920 to 1930．Today，China is in the progress of socialist construction with Chinese Charactristics，we must set off from our reality，understand profoundly the question of“What is Socialism and How to construct Socialism”，recognize soberly to the things which should be done and which should not be done，use the costly experience of the Soviet Russia for reference and avoid the weakness of it in our socialist construction，shorten the distance from the reality to ideal rationally．Just as Engels referred to people when he analysed the workers' movement in Germany：“The workers' movement in Germany should not ever forget that it grows from the shoulder of the workers’movement in England and France，it can utilize the costly experience of them and avoid the wrong which couldn’t be avoided at that time．”

Key words： Bukharin； Socialism； politics； economy； culture； construction