第一编总则 Part One General Provisions_中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法（中英双语）-QQ阅读男生科幻网

书名：中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法（中英双语）
作者名：中国法制出版社
本章字数：21706字
更新时间：2021-03-26 09:34:09

第一编总则
Part One General Provisions

第一章任务和基本原则
Chapter Ⅰ Aim and Basic Principles

第一条为了保证刑法的正确实施，惩罚犯罪，保护人民，保障国家安全和社会公共安全，维护社会主义社会秩序，根据宪法，制定本法。

Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution and for the purpose of ensuring correct enforcement of the Criminal Law, punishing crimes, protecting the people, safeguarding State and public security and maintaining socialist public order.

第二条中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的任务，是保证准确、及时地查明犯罪事实，正确应用法律，惩罚犯罪分子，保障无罪的人不受刑事追究，教育公民自觉遵守法律，积极同犯罪行为作斗争，维护社会主义法制，尊重和保障人权，保护公民的人身权利、财产权利、民主权利和其他权利，保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。

Article 2 The aim of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is to ensure accurate and timely ascertainment of the facts of crimes, correct application of law, punishment of criminals and protection of the innocent against being prosecuted for criminal liability; to enhance the citizens' awareness of the need to abide by the law and to fight vigorously against criminal acts; to safeguard the socialist legal system; to respect and safeguard human rights; to protect the citizens' personal rights, their property rights, democratic rights and other rights; and to guarantee smooth progress of the cause of socialist development.

第三条对刑事案件的侦查、拘留、执行逮捕、预审，由公安机关负责。检察、批准逮捕、检察机关直接受理的案件的侦查、提起公诉，由人民检察院负责。审判由人民法院负责。除法律特别规定的以外，其他任何机关、团体和个人都无权行使这些权力。

人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，必须严格遵守本法和其他法律的有关规定。

Article 3 The public security organs shall be responsible for investigation, detention, execution of arrests and preliminary inquiry in criminal cases. The people's procuratorates shall be responsible for procuratorial work, authorizing approval of arrests, conducting investigation and initiating public prosecution of cases directly accepted by the procuratorial organs. The people's courts shall be responsible for adjudication. Except as otherwise provided by law, no other organs, organizations or individuals shall have the authority to exercise such powers.

In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs must strictly observe this Law and any relevant stipulations of other laws.

第四条国家安全机关依照法律规定，办理危害国家安全的刑事案件，行使与公安机关相同的职权。

Article 4 State security organs shall, in accordance with law, handle cases of crimes that endanger State security, performing the same functions and powers as the public security organs.

第五条人民法院依照法律规定独立行使审判权，人民检察院依照法律规定独立行使检察权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。

Article 5 The people's courts shall exercise judicial power independently in accordance with the law and the people's procuratorates shall exercise procuratorial power independently in accordance with the law, and they shall be free from interference by any administrative organ, public organization or individual.

第六条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，必须依靠群众，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳。对于一切公民，在适用法律上一律平等，在法律面前，不允许有任何特权。

Article 6 In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs must rely on the masses, base themselves on facts and take law as the criterion. The law applies equally to all citizens and no privilege whatsoever is permissible before law.

第七条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关进行刑事诉讼，应当分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。

Article 7 In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall divide responsibilities, coordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure the correct and effective enforcement of law.

第八条人民检察院依法对刑事诉讼实行法律监督。

Article 8 The people's procuratorates shall, in accordance with law, exercise legal supervision over criminal proceedings.

第九条各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对于不通晓当地通用的语言文字的诉讼参与人，应当为他们翻译。

在少数民族聚居或者多民族杂居的地区，应当用当地通用的语言进行审讯，用当地通用的文字发布判决书、布告和其他文件。

Article 9 Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in court proceedings. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall provide translations for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written language commonly used in the locality.

Where people of a minority nationality live in a concentrated community or where a number of nationalities live together in one area, court hearings shall be conducted in the spoken language commonly used in the locality, and judgments, notices and other documents shall be issued in the written language commonly used in the locality.

第十条人民法院审判案件，实行两审终审制。

Article 10 In trying cases, the people's courts shall apply the system whereby the second instance is final.

第十一条人民法院审判案件，除本法另有规定的以外，一律公开进行。被告人有权获得辩护，人民法院有义务保证被告人获得辩护。

Article 11 Cases in the people's courts shall be heard in public, unless otherwise provided by this Law. A defendant shall have the right to defence, and the people's courts shall have the duty to guarantee his defence.

第十二条未经人民法院依法判决，对任何人都不得确定有罪。

Article 12 No person shall be found guilty without being judged as such by a people's court according to law.

第十三条人民法院审判案件，依照本法实行人民陪审员陪审的制度。

Article 13 In trying cases, the people's courts shall apply the system of people's assessors taking part in trials in accordance with this Law.

第十四条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和其他诉讼参与人依法享有的辩护权和其他诉讼权利。

诉讼参与人对于审判人员、检察人员和侦查人员侵犯公民诉讼权利和人身侮辱的行为，有权提出控告。

Article 14 The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall safeguard the right to defense and other procedural rights to which criminal suspects, defendants and other participants in proceedings are entitled in accordance with the law.

Participants in proceedings shall have the right to file charges against judges, procurators and investigators whose acts infringe on their citizen's procedural rights or subject their persons to indignities.

第十五条有下列情形之一的，不追究刑事责任，已经追究的，应当撤销案件，或者不起诉，或者终止审理，或者宣告无罪：

（一）情节显著轻微、危害不大，不认为是犯罪的；

（二）犯罪已过追诉时效期限的；

（三）经特赦令免除刑罚的；

（四）依照刑法告诉才处理的犯罪，没有告诉或者撤回告诉的；

（五）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人死亡的；

（六）其他法律规定免予追究刑事责任的。

Article 15 In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility shall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, the case shall be dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, or the handling shall be terminated, or innocence shall be declared：

（1）if an act is obviously minor, causing no serious harm, and is therefore not deemed a crime；

（2）if the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired；

（3）if an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in a special amnesty decree；

（4）if the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to the Criminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has been withdrawn；

（5）if the criminal suspect or defendant is deceased; or

（6）if other laws provide an exemption from investigation of criminal responsibility.

第十六条对于外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的，适用本法的规定。

对于享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人犯罪应当追究刑事责任的，通过外交途径解决。

Article 16 Provisions of this Law shall apply to foreigners who commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated.

If foreigners with diplomatic privileges and immunities commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated, those cases shall be resolved through diplomatic channels.

第十七条根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约，或者按照互惠原则，我国司法机关和外国司法机关可以相互请求刑事司法协助。

第二章管辖
Chapter Ⅱ Jurisdiction

Article 17 In accordance with the international treaties which the People's Republic of China has concluded or acceded to or on the principle of reciprocity, the judicial organs of China and that of other countries may request judicial assistance from each other in criminal affairs.

第十八条刑事案件的侦查由公安机关进行，法律另有规定的除外。

贪污贿赂犯罪，国家工作人员的渎职犯罪，国家机关工作人员利用职权实施的非法拘禁、刑讯逼供、报复陷害、非法搜查的侵犯公民人身权利的犯罪以及侵犯公民民主权利的犯罪，由人民检察院立案侦查。对于国家机关工作人员利用职权实施的其他重大的犯罪案件，需要由人民检察院直接受理的时候，经省级以上人民检察院决定，可以由人民检察院立案侦查。

自诉案件，由人民法院直接受理。

Article 18 Investigation in criminal cases shall be conducted by the public security organs, except as otherwise provided by law.

Crimes of embezzlement and bribery, crimes of dereliction of duty committed by State functionaries, and crimes involving violations of a citizen's personal rights such as illegal detention, extortion of confessions by torture, retaliation, frame-up and illegal search and crimes involving infringement of a citizen's democratic rights committed by State functionaries by taking advantage of their functions and powers shall be placed on file for investigation by the people's procuratorates. If cases involving other grave crimes committed by State functionaries by taking advantage of their functions and powers need be handled directly by the people's procuratorates, they may be placed on file for investigation by the people's procuratorates upon decision by the people's procuratorates at or above the provincial level.

Cases of private prosecution shall be handled directly by the people's courts.

第十九条基层人民法院管辖第一审普通刑事案件，但是依照本法由上级人民法院管辖的除外。

Article 19 The primary people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over ordinary criminal cases; however, those cases which fall under the jurisdiction of the people's courts at higher levels as stipulated by this Law shall be exceptions.

第二十条中级人民法院管辖下列第一审刑事案件：

（一）危害国家安全、恐怖活动案件；

（二）可能判处无期徒刑、死刑的案件。

Article 20 The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following criminal cases：

（1）cases endangering State security and crimes of terrorism;and

（2）criminal cases punishable by life imprisonment or the death penalty.

第二十一条高级人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件，是全省（自治区、直辖市）性的重大刑事案件。

Article 21 The higher people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to an entire province（or autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government）.

第二十二条最高人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件，是全国性的重大刑事案件。

Article 22 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to the whole nation.

第二十三条上级人民法院在必要的时候，可以审判下级人民法院管辖的第一审刑事案件；下级人民法院认为案情重大、复杂需要由上级人民法院审判的第一审刑事案件，可以请求移送上一级人民法院审判。

Article 23 When necessary, people's courts may try criminal cases over which people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance；

If a people's court considers the circumstances of a criminal case in the first instance to be major or complex and to necessitate a trial by a people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to the people's court at the next higher level for trial.

第二十四条刑事案件由犯罪地的人民法院管辖。如果由被告人居住地的人民法院审判更为适宜的，可以由被告人居住地的人民法院管辖。

Article 24 A criminal case shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the crime was committed. If it is more appropriate for the case to be tried by the people's court in the place where the defendant resides, then that court may have jurisdiction over the case.

第二十五条几个同级人民法院都有权管辖的案件，由最初受理的人民法院审判。在必要的时候，可以移送主要犯罪地的人民法院审判。

Article 25 When two or more people's courts at the same level have jurisdiction over a case, it shall be tried by the people's court that first accepted it. When necessary, the case may be transferred for trial to the people's court in the principal place where the crime was committed.

第二十六条上级人民法院可以指定下级人民法院审判管辖不明的案件，也可以指定下级人民法院将案件移送其他人民法院审判。

Article 26 A people's court may instruct a people's court at a lower level to try a case over which jurisdiction is unclear and may also instruct a people's court at a lower level to transfer the case to another people's court for trial.

第二十七条专门人民法院案件的管辖另行规定。

Article 27 The jurisdiction over cases in special people's courts shall be stipulated separately.

第三章回避
Chapter Ⅲ Withdrawal

第二十八条审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员有下列情形之一的，应当自行回避，当事人及其法定代理人也有权要求他们回避：

（一）是本案的当事人或者是当事人的近亲属的；

（二）本人或者他的近亲属和本案有利害关系的；

（三）担任过本案的证人、鉴定人、辩护人、诉讼代理人的；

（四）与本案当事人有其他关系，可能影响公正处理案件的。

Article 28 In any of the following situations, a judge, procurator or investigator shall voluntarily withdraw, and the parties to the case and their legal representatives shall have the right to demand his withdrawal：

（1）if he is a party or a near relative of a party to the case；

（2）if he or a near relative of his has an interest in the case；

（3）if he has served as a witness, expert witness, defender or agent ad litem in the current case ; or

（4）if he has any other relations with a party to the case that could affect the impartial handling of the case.

第二十九条审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员不得接受当事人及其委托的人的请客送礼，不得违反规定会见当事人及其委托的人。

审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员违反前款规定的，应当依法追究法律责任。当事人及其法定代理人有权要求他们回避。

Article 29 Judges, procurators or investigators shall not accept invitations to dinner or presents from the parties to a case or the persons entrusted by the parties and shall not in violation of regulations meet with the parties to a case or the persons entrusted by the parties.

Any judge, procurator or investigator who violates the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be investigated for legal responsibility. The parties to the case and their legal representatives shall have the right to request him to withdraw.

第三十条审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员的回避，应当分别由院长、检察长、公安机关负责人决定；

院长的回避，由本院审判委员会决定；检察长和公安机关负责人的回避，由同级人民检察院检察委员会决定。

对侦查人员的回避作出决定前，侦查人员不能停止对案件的侦查。

对驳回申请回避的决定，当事人及其法定代理人可以申请复议一次。

Article 30 The withdrawal of a judge, procurator and investigator shall be determined respectively by the president of the court, the chief procurator, and the head of a public security organ;the withdrawal of the president of the court shall be determined by the court's judicial committee; and the withdrawal of the chief procurator or the head of a public security organ shall be determined by the procuratorial committee of the people's procuratorate at the corresponding level.

An investigator may not suspend investigation of a case before a decision is made on his withdrawal.

If a decision has been made to reject his application for withdrawal, the party or his legal representative may apply for reconsideration once.

第三十一条本章关于回避的规定适用于书记员、翻译人员和鉴定人。

辩护人、诉讼代理人可以依照本章的规定要求回避、申请复议。

Article 31 The provisions governing withdrawal in this Chapter shall also apply to court clerks, interpreters and expert witnesses.

Defenders and agents ad litem may demand withdrawal and apply for reconsideration of the decision thereof in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

第四章辩护与代理
Chapter Ⅳ Defence and Representation

第三十二条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人除自己行使辩护权以外，还可以委托一至二人作为辩护人。下列的人可以被委托为辩护人：

（一）律师；

（二）人民团体或者犯罪嫌疑人、被告人所在单位推荐的人；

（三）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的监护人、亲友。

正在被执行刑罚或者依法被剥夺、限制人身自由的人，不得担任辩护人。

Article 32 In addition to exercising the right to defend himself, a criminal suspect or a defendant may entrust one or two persons as his defenders. The following persons may be entrusted as defenders：

（1）lawyers；

（2）persons recommended by a public organization or the unit to which the criminal suspect or the defendant belongs; and

（3）guardians or relatives and friends of the criminal suspect or the defendant.

Persons who are under criminal punishment or whose personal freedom is deprived of or restricted according to law shall not serve as defenders.

第三十三条犯罪嫌疑人自被侦查机关第一次讯问或者采取强制措施之日起，有权委托辩护人；在侦查期间，只能委托律师作为辩护人。被告人有权随时委托辩护人。

侦查机关在第一次讯问犯罪嫌疑人或者对犯罪嫌疑人采取强制措施的时候，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人。人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的案件材料之日起三日以内，应当告知犯罪嫌疑人有权委托辩护人。人民法院自受理案件之日起三日以内，应当告知被告人有权委托辩护人。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在押期间要求委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当及时转达其要求。

犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在押的，也可以由其监护人、近亲属代为委托辩护人。

辩护人接受犯罪嫌疑人、被告人委托后，应当及时告知办理案件的机关。

Article 33 A criminal suspect is entitled to a defender when he is interrogated for the first time or from the date when coercive measures are applied by an investigatory body; however, he can only engage a lawyer as his defense counsel during the investigatory period. A defendant is entitled to a defender at any time.

An investigatory body shall, at the first time when a criminal suspect is interrogated or applied coercive measures, inform the latter that he is entitled to a defender. A people's procuratorate shall, within three days from the date of receiving the file record of a case transferred for examination before prosecution, inform the criminal suspect that he has the right to engage a defender. A people's court shall, within three days from the date of accepting a case, inform the defendant that he is entitled to a defender. Where a criminal suspect or a defendant requests to engage a defender during the period of detention, the people's court, the people's procuratorate or the public security organ shall deliver his request in a timely manner.

Where a criminal suspect or defendant is put under custody, his guardians or near relatives may engage a defender for him.

A defender shall, upon accepting authorization by a criminal suspect or defendant, inform the organs in charge of the case in question of such matter.

第三十四条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人因经济困难或者其他原因没有委托辩护人的，本人及其近亲属可以向法律援助机构提出申请。对符合法律援助条件的，法律援助机构应当指派律师为其提供辩护。

犯罪嫌疑人、被告人是盲、聋、哑人，或者是尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人，没有委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供辩护。

犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可能被判处无期徒刑、死刑，没有委托辩护人的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当通知法律援助机构指派律师为其提供辩护。

Article 34 Where a criminal suspect or defendant fails to engage a defender due to financial difficulty or other reasons, he or his near relative may apply to a legal aid agency. If he is eligible to legal aid, the legal aid agency shall appoint a lawyer to defend him.

Where a criminal suspect or defendant fails to engage a defender, and he is blind, deaf or dumb, or a mental patient who is not completely aware of, or has incomplete ability to control his own conduct, a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ shall inform a legal aid agency for appointing a lawyer to defend him.

A criminal suspect or defendant fails to engage a defender and he may be sentenced to life imprisonment or death penalty, a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ shall inform a legal aid agency for appointing a lawyer to defend him.

第三十五条辩护人的责任是根据事实和法律，提出犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪、罪轻或者减轻、免除其刑事责任的材料和意见，维护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的诉讼权利和其他合法权益。

Article 35 The responsibility of a defender is to, based on the facts and laws, put forward materials and opinions showing that a criminal suspect or defendant is innocent, or has committed a lighter crime, or should be exempted from or bear mitigated criminal liability, and protect the procedural rights and other legitimate rights of a criminal suspect or defendant.

第三十六条辩护律师在侦查期间可以为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律帮助；代理申诉、控告；申请变更强制措施；向侦查机关了解犯罪嫌疑人涉嫌的罪名和案件有关情况，提出意见。

Article 36 A defense lawyer may provide a criminal suspect with legal help during the investigatory period; act as an agent ad litem for filing a complaint or charge; apply for altering the applied coercive measures; and inquire of an investigatory body about the suspected crime and relevant information of the case and put forward opinions.

第三十七条辩护律师可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可，也可以同在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见和通信。

辩护律师持律师执业证书、律师事务所证明和委托书或者法律援助公函要求会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的，看守所应当及时安排会见，至迟不得超过四十八小时。

危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、特别重大贿赂犯罪案件，在侦查期间辩护律师会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人，应当经侦查机关许可。上述案件，侦查机关应当事先通知看守所。

辩护律师会见在押的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以了解案件有关情况，提供法律咨询等；自案件移送审查起诉之日起，可以向犯罪嫌疑人、被告人核实有关证据。辩护律师会见犯罪嫌疑人、被告人时不被监听。

辩护律师同被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见、通信，适用第一款、第三款、第四款的规定。

Article 37 A defense lawyer may meet and correspond with a criminal suspect or defendant in custody. Other defenders may do so with permission of the people's court or people's procuratorate.

Where a lawyer asks to meet with the criminal suspect or defendant in custody on the strength of his or her lawyer's license, papers issued by his or her law firm, and a letter of authorization or official legal aid papers, timely arrangements shall be made for their meeting in the detention house, without exceeding 48 hours the latest.

For a case under investigation involves crimes endangering national security, crimes of terrorism or extremely grave crimes of bribery, a defense lawyer shall obtain approval of the investigatory body for meeting with the criminal suspect in custody during the investigatory period. In such cases, the investigatory body shall notify the detention house in advance.

A defense lawyer may inquire about the case involved, provide legal consultation, etc. when meeting with the criminal suspect or defendant in custody; he may verify relevant evidence with the criminal suspect or defendant from the date the case is transferred for examination before prosecution. A defense lawyer's meeting with the criminal suspect or defendant shall not be subject to surveillance.

Provisions of the first, third and fourth paragraphs shall be applicable to a defense lawyer's meeting and correspondence with the criminal suspect or defendant under house surveillance.

第三十八条辩护律师自人民检察院对案件审查起诉之日起，可以查阅、摘抄、复制本案的案卷材料。其他辩护人经人民法院、人民检察院许可，也可以查阅、摘抄、复制上述材料。

Article 38 A defense lawyer may consult, excerpt and duplicate the case files pertaining to the case he or she is handling from the date the case is examined by the procuratorate for prosecution. Other defenders may also consult, excerpt and duplicate the aforesaid materials upon permission of the people's court or people's procuratorate.

第三十九条辩护人认为在侦查、审查起诉期间公安机关、人民检察院收集的证明犯罪嫌疑人、被告人无罪或者罪轻的证据材料未提交的，有权申请人民检察院、人民法院调取。

Article 39 If a defender holds that the public security organ or people's procuratorate fails to submit the evidence collected during the periods of investigation and examination for prosecution which can prove the criminal suspect's or defendant's innocence or the crime committed is lighter than the one charged, the defender shall have the right to apply to the people's procuratorate or people's court for access to such evidence.

第四十条辩护人收集的有关犯罪嫌疑人不在犯罪现场、未达到刑事责任年龄、属于依法不负刑事责任的精神病人的证据，应当及时告知公安机关、人民检察院。

Article 40 If a defender has a criminal suspect' alibi, or evidence proving that the criminal suspect is under the age eligible to bear criminal liability or is an mental patient who should not bear any criminal liability in accordance with the law, the defender shall inform the public security organ and people's procuratorate in time.

第四十一条辩护律师经证人或者其他有关单位和个人同意，可以向他们收集与本案有关的材料，也可以申请人民检察院、人民法院收集、调取证据，或者申请人民法院通知证人出庭作证。

辩护律师经人民检察院或者人民法院许可，并且经被害人或者其近亲属、被害人提供的证人同意，可以向他们收集与本案有关的材料。

Article 41 Defence lawyers may, with the consent of the witnesses or other units and individuals concerned, collect information pertaining to the current case from them and they may also apply to the people's procuratorate or the people's court for the collection and obtaining of evidence, or request the people's court to inform the witnesses to appear in court and give testimony.

With permission of the people's procuratorate or the people's court and with the consent of the victim, his near relatives or the witnesses provided by the victim, defence lawyers may collect information pertaining to the current case from them.

第四十二条辩护人或者其他任何人，不得帮助犯罪嫌疑人、被告人隐匿、毁灭、伪造证据或者串供，不得威胁、引诱证人作伪证以及进行其他干扰司法机关诉讼活动的行为。

违反前款规定的，应当依法追究法律责任，辩护人涉嫌犯罪的，应当由办理辩护人所承办案件的侦查机关以外的侦查机关办理。辩护人是律师的，应当及时通知其所在的律师事务所或者所属的律师协会。

Article 42 A defender or any other person may not assist a criminal suspect or defendant in concealing, destroying or falsifying evidence, or collide to tally a confession, or threat or entice a witness into giving false testimony, or engage in other acts interfering with the proceedings carried out by judicial organs.

A person violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be investigated for legal liability according to the law, and a defender suspected of committing a crime shall be dealt with by another investigating organ than the one in charge of the case handled by the defender. If the aforesaid defender is a lawyer, the law firm or lawyers' association he belongs to shall be notified of such a matter in time.

第四十三条在审判过程中，被告人可以拒绝辩护人继续为他辩护，也可以另行委托辩护人辩护。

Article 43 During a trial, the defendant may refuse to have his defender continue to defend him and may entrust his defence to another defender.

第四十四条公诉案件的被害人及其法定代理人或者近亲属，附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人，自案件移送审查起诉之日起，有权委托诉讼代理人。自诉案件的自诉人及其法定代理人，附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人，有权随时委托诉讼代理人。

人民检察院自收到移送审查起诉的案件材料之日起三日以内，应当告知被害人及其法定代理人或者其近亲属、附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人有权委托诉讼代理人。人民法院自受理自诉案件之日起三日以内，应当告知自诉人及其法定代理人、附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人有权委托诉讼代理人。

Article 44 A victim in a case of public prosecution, his legal representatives or near relatives, and a party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives shall, from the date on which the case is transferred for examination before prosecution, have the right to entrust agents ad litem. A private prosecutor in a case of private prosecution and his legal representatives, and a party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives shall have the right to entrust agents ad litem at any time.

The people's procuratorate shall, within three days from the date of receiving the file record of a case transferred for examination before prosecution, notify the victim and his legal representatives or near relatives and the party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives that they have the right to entrust agents ad litem. The people's court shall, within three days from the date of accepting a case of private prosecution, notify the private prosecutor and his legal representatives and the party in an incidental civil action and his legal representatives that they have the right to entrust agents ad litem.

第四十五条委托诉讼代理人，参照本法第三十二条的规定执行。

Article 45 With regard to entrusting of agents ad litem, the provisions of Article 32 of this Law shall be applied mutatis mutandis.

第四十六条辩护律师对在执业活动中知悉的委托人的有关情况和信息，有权予以保密。但是，辩护律师在执业活动中知悉委托人或者其他人，准备或者正在实施危害国家安全、公共安全以及严重危害他人人身安全的犯罪的，应当及时告知司法机关。

Article 46 A defense lawyer is entitled to confidentiality as regard the situation and information of his client that he comes to know of in practice.

However, if a defense lawyer becomes aware that his client or any other person is going to commit or is committing a crime that undermines national security or public security or that seriously endangers the safety of another person, the defense lawyer shall inform the judicial organs in time.

第四十七条辩护人、诉讼代理人认为公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院及其工作人员阻碍其依法行使诉讼权利的，有权向同级或者上一级人民检察院申诉或者控告。人民检察院对申诉或者控告应当及时进行审查，情况属实的，通知有关机关予以纠正。

Article 47 If a defender or agent ad litem holds that a public security organ, people's procuratorate or people's court, or any of its staff members obstructs the exercise of his procedural rights in accordance with the law, he is entitled to lodge a complaint or bring an accusation with the people's procuratorate at the same or the next higher level. The people's procuratorate concerned shall make an investigation upon such a complaint or accusation, and if the situation is true, the people's procuratorate shall notify the relevant organs to make rectification.

第五章证据
Chapter Ⅴ Evidence

第四十八条可以用于证明案件事实的材料，都是证据。

证据包括：

（一）物证；

（二）书证；

（三）证人证言；

（四）被害人陈述；

（五）犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和辩解；

（六）鉴定意见；

（七）勘验、检查、辨认、侦查实验等笔录；

（八）视听资料、电子数据。

证据必须经过查证属实，才能作为定案的根据。

Article 48 All materials that can be used to prove the facts of a case shall be evidence.

Evidence shall comprise of the following：

（1）physical evidence；

（2）documentary evidence；

（3）testimony of a witness；

（4）statements of a victim；

（5）statements and exculpations of a criminal suspect or defendant；

（6）expert conclusions；

（7）records of inquest, examination, identification and investigative experiment; and

（8）audio-visual material and electronic data.

Evidence must be verified before it is used as the basis for deciding a case.

第四十九条公诉案件中被告人有罪的举证责任由人民检察院承担，自诉案件中被告人有罪的举证责任由自诉人承担。

Article 49 In a publicly prosecuted case, the burden of proof that the defendant is guilty lies with the people's procuratorate, while in a privately prosecuted case, the burden of proof lies with the prosecuting party.

第五十条审判人员、检察人员、侦查人员必须依照法定程序，收集能够证实犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有罪或者无罪、犯罪情节轻重的各种证据。严禁刑讯逼供和以威胁、引诱、欺骗以及其他非法方法收集证据，不得强迫任何人证实自己有罪。必须保证一切与案件有关或者了解案情的公民，有客观地充分地提供证据的条件，除特殊情况外，可以吸收他们协助调查。

Article 50 A judge, procurator or investigator must, in accordance with the statutory procedure, collect various kinds of evidence that can prove the criminal suspect's or defendant's guilt or innocence and the gravity of his crime. It is strictly forbidden to extort confessions by torture or to collect evidence by threat, enticement, deceit or any other unlawful means. No one may be forced to incriminate himself. Relevant conditions shall be provided to guarantee that citizens who are involved in a case or who have information about the circumstances of a case have the opportunity to objectively and fully furnish evidence, and, except in special circumstances, the aforesaid citizens may be brought in to help the investigation.

第五十一条公安机关提请批准逮捕书、人民检察院起诉书、人民法院判决书，必须忠实于事实真象。故意隐瞒事实真象的，应当追究责任。

Article 51 The public security organ's requests for approval of arrest, the people's procuratorate's bills of prosecution and the people's court's written judgments must be faithful to the facts. The responsibility of anyone who intentionally conceals the facts shall be investigated.

第五十二条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关有权向有关单位和个人收集、调取证据。有关单位和个人应当如实提供证据。

行政机关在行政执法和查办案件过程中收集的物证、书证、视听资料、电子数据等证据材料，在刑事诉讼中可以作为证据使用。

对涉及国家秘密、商业秘密、个人隐私的证据，应当保密。

凡是伪造证据、隐匿证据或者毁灭证据的，无论属于何方，必须受法律追究。

Article 52 The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall have the authority to collect or obtain evidence from the units and individuals concerned. The units and individuals concerned shall provide truthful evidence.

Evidence collected by administrative organs such as physical evidence, documentary evidence, audio-visual material or electronic data, in the course of administrative law enforcement or handling of cases may be used as evidence in criminal litigation.

Evidence involving State secrets, trade secrets or privacy shall be kept confidential.

Anyone that falsifies, conceals or destroys evidence, regardless of which side of a case he belongs to, must be investigated under law.

第五十三条对一切案件的判处都要重证据，重调查研究，不轻信口供。只有被告人供述，没有其他证据的，不能认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚；没有被告人供述，证据确实、充分的，可以认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚。

证据确实、充分，应当符合以下条件：

（一）定罪量刑的事实都有证据证明；

（二）据以定案的证据均经法定程序查证属实；

（三）综合全案证据，对所认定事实已排除合理怀疑。

Article 53 In the decision of all cases, stress shall be laid on evidence, investigation and study; credence shall not be readily given to oral statements.

A defendant cannot be found guilty and sentenced to a criminal punishment if there is only his statement but no other evidence;the defendant may be found guilty and sentenced to a criminal punishment if evidence is reliable and sufficient, even without his statement.

The following conditions shall be met for evidence to be reliable and sufficient：

（1）Every fact used for condemning a crime and sentencing shall be proved by evidence；

（2）Every piece of evidence based on which a case is decided shall be examined and verified as true according to the statutory procedure; and

（3）All the facts comprehensively proved by evidence in the case are beyond reasonable doubt.

第五十四条采用刑讯逼供等非法方法收集的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述和采用暴力、威胁等非法方法收集的证人证言、被害人陈述，应当予以排除。收集物证、书证不符合法定程序，可能严重影响司法公正的，应当予以补正或者作出合理解释；不能补正或者作出合理解释的，对该证据应当予以排除。

在侦查、审查起诉、审判时发现有应当排除的证据的，应当依法予以排除，不得作为起诉意见、起诉决定和判决的依据。

Article 54 A confession made by a criminal suspect or defendant which is obtained by means of torture, or a witness's testimony or victim's statement obtained by violence, threat or other unlawful means shall be excluded. Physical evidence or documentary evidence that is obtained in violation of the law and may seriously affect justice shall be supplemented, corrected or given an explanation of justification; where a supplementation, correction or an explanation of justification fails, the aforesaid evidence shall be excluded.

Evidence that should be excluded as is discovered during investigation, examination before prosecution or during trial, shall be excluded in accordance with the law, and shall not be used as the basis of opinion on prosecution or decision on prosecution, nor as the basis for a court decision.

第五十五条人民检察院接到报案、控告、举报或者发现侦查人员以非法方法收集证据的，应当进行调查核实。对于确有以非法方法收集证据情形的，应当提出纠正意见；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 55 If a people's procuratorate receives a complaint, an accusation or a report, or discovers that an investigator collects evidence by illegal means, investigation for verification in such a matter shall be carried out. If illegal means is resorted in collecting evidence, an opinion on rectification shall be put forward; if a crime is committed, the aforesaid investigator shall be prosecuted for criminal liability accordance to the law.

第五十六条法庭审理过程中，审判人员认为可能存在本法第五十四条规定的以非法方法收集证据情形的，应当对证据收集的合法性进行法庭调查。

当事人及其辩护人、诉讼代理人有权申请人民法院对以非法方法收集的证据依法予以排除。申请排除以非法方法收集的证据的，应当提供相关线索或者材料。

Article 56 If, during a court trial, a judge holds there is the possibility that evidence is collected by illegal means as prescribed in Article 54 of this Law, he shall investigate in court as regard the legality of the evidence collection.

A party and his defender as well as agent ad litem is entitled to apply to a people's court for excluding illegally collected evidence in accordance with the law. Whoever applies for exclusion of illegally collected evidence shall provide relevant clues or material.

第五十七条在对证据收集的合法性进行法庭调查的过程中，人民检察院应当对证据收集的合法性加以证明。

现有证据材料不能证明证据收集的合法性的，人民检察院可以提请人民法院通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况；人民法院可以通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况。有关侦查人员或者其他人员也可以要求出庭说明情况。经人民法院通知，有关人员应当出庭。

Article 57 A people's procuratorate shall bear the burden of proof as to the legality of evidence collection during the court investigation thereof.

Where there exists no evidentiary support for the legality of evidence collection, the people's procuratorate may request the people's court concerned to notify relevant investigators or other personnel to appear before the court to make explanations. The people's court may notify relevant investigators or other personnel to appear before the court to give explanations. Relevant investigators or other personnel may also take the initiative to request an appearance before the court for an explanation. Relevant personnel shall appear before the court if so notified by the people's court.

第五十八条对于经过法庭审理，确认或者不能排除存在本法第五十四条规定的以非法方法收集证据情形的，对有关证据应当予以排除。

Article 58 Evidence shall be excluded if court investigation confirms or is unable to rule out that there have been circumstances of collecting evidence by illegal means as prescribed in Article 54 of this Law.

第五十九条证人证言必须在法庭上经过公诉人、被害人和被告人、辩护人双方质证并且查实以后，才能作为定案的根据。法庭查明证人有意作伪证或者隐匿罪证的时候，应当依法处理。

Article 59 The testimony of a witness shall be admitted as the basis for determining a case only after the witness has been questioned and cross-examined in the courtroom by both sides, i.e., the public prosecutor and the victim, as well as the defendant and the defender. If a court finds through investigation that a witness intentionally gives false testimony or conceals criminal evidence, it shall handle the matter in accordance with the law.

第六十条凡是知道案件情况的人，都有作证的义务。

生理上、精神上有缺陷或者年幼，不能辨别是非、不能正确表达的人，不能作证人。

Article 60 All those who have information about a case shall have the duty to testify.

Physically or mentally handicapped persons or minors who cannot distinguish right from wrong or cannot properly express themselves shall not be qualified as witnesses.

第六十一条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当保障证人及其近亲属的安全。

对证人及其近亲属进行威胁、侮辱、殴打或者打击报复，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不够刑事处罚的，依法给予治安管理处罚。

Article 61 The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall insure the safety of witnesses and their near relatives.

Anyone who intimidates, humiliates, beats or retaliates against a witness or his near relatives, if his act constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the law; if the case is not serious enough for criminal punishment, he shall be punished for violation of public security in accordance with the law.

第六十二条对于危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、毒品犯罪等案件，证人、鉴定人、被害人因在诉讼中作证，本人或者其近亲属的人身安全面临危险的，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关应当采取以下一项或者多项保护措施：

（一）不公开真实姓名、住址和工作单位等个人信息；

（二）采取不暴露外貌、真实声音等出庭作证措施；

（三）禁止特定的人员接触证人、鉴定人、被害人及其近亲属；

（四）对人身和住宅采取专门性保护措施；

（五）其他必要的保护措施。

证人、鉴定人、被害人认为因在诉讼中作证，本人或者其近亲属的人身安全面临危险的，可以向人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关请求予以保护。

人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关依法采取保护措施，有关单位和个人应当配合。

Article 62 With regard to crimes endangering State security, crimes involving terrorist activities, crimes committed by organizations of the nature of criminal gangs, drug-related crimes，etc., if the personal safety of the witnesses, expert witnesses or victims or their near relatives is endangered due to their testimony in lawsuits, the people's courts, people's procuratorates and public security organs shall adopt one or more of the following protective measures：

（1）keeping confidential the real names, addresses, employers and other personal information of the aforesaid persons；

（2）avoiding exposing the actual appearance or true voice of those who testify in court；

（3）prohibiting certain persons from having contact with the witnesses, expert witnesses, victims and their near relatives；

（4）adopting special measures to protect the personal safety and residential security of the aforesaid persons; and

（5）other necessary protective measures.

A witness, expert witness or victim who is of the opinion that his personal safety or the personal safety of his near relatives is in danger due to his testimony in lawsuits may apply for protection with a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ.

Relevant entities and individuals shall provide cooperation when a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ takes protective measures in accordance with the law.

第六十三条证人因履行作证义务而支出的交通、住宿、就餐等费用，应当给予补助。证人作证的补助列入司法机关业务经费，由同级政府财政予以保障。

有工作单位的证人作证，所在单位不得克扣或者变相克扣其工资、奖金及其他福利待遇。

Article 63 A witness shall be entitled to allowance for his performance of the obligation of giving testimony in terms of transportation, accommodation and food expenses incurred thereby. The allowance granted to witnesses for giving testimony shall be included in the operational expenses of judicial organs and be guaranteed by the public finance of the people's governments at the same level.

Where the witness is an employee of an entity, the entity shall not deduct his salary, bonus or any other benefit or do so in a disguised form.

第六章强制措施
Chapter Ⅵ Compulsory Measures

第六十四条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关根据案件情况，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可以拘传、取保候审或者监视居住。

Article 64 The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs may, according to the circumstances of a case, issue a warrant to compel the appearance of the criminal suspect or defendant, order him to obtain bail for release or subject him to residential surveillance.

第六十五条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以取保候审：

（一）可能判处管制、拘役或者独立适用附加刑的；

（二）可能判处有期徒刑以上刑罚，采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的；

（三）患有严重疾病、生活不能自理，怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女，采取取保候审不致发生社会危险性的；

（四）羁押期限届满，案件尚未办结，需要采取取保候审的。

取保候审由公安机关执行。

Article 65 A people's court, people's procuratorate and public security organ may allow a criminal suspect or defendant under any of the following conditions to be released on bail：

（1）Where the criminal suspect or defendant may be sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention or a supplementary punishment separately meted out；

（2）Where the criminal suspect or defendant may sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or a severer punishment, but would not pose a threat to the society if he is released on bail；

（3）Where the criminal suspect or defendant is suffering from a serious illness and cannot take care of himself, or is during pregnancy or breastfeeding period, and would not pose a threat to the society if the criminal suspect or defendant is released on bail; or

（4）Where the case involved has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore he needs to be released on bail.

Release on bail shall be executed by public security organs.

第六十六条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关决定对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人取保候审，应当责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提出保证人或者交纳保证金。

Article 66 If the people's courts, the people's procuratorates or the public security organs decide to allow a criminal suspect or defendant to be released on bail, they shall order the criminal suspect or defendant to provide a guarantor or pay bail bond.

第六十七条保证人必须符合下列条件：

（一）与本案无牵连；

（二）有能力履行保证义务；

（三）享有政治权利，人身自由未受到限制；

（四）有固定的住处和收入。

Article 67 A guarantor must be a person who meets the following conditions：

（1）to be not involved in the current case；

（2）to be able to perform a guarantor's duties；

（3）to be entitled to political rights and not subjected to restriction of personal freedom; and

（4）to have a fixed domicile and steady income.

第六十八条保证人应当履行以下义务：

（一）监督被保证人遵守本法第六十九条的规定；

（二）发现被保证人可能发生或者已经发生违反本法第六十九条规定的行为的，应当及时向执行机关报告。

被保证人有违反本法第六十九条规定的行为，保证人未履行保证义务的，对保证人处以罚款，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Article 68 A guarantor shall perform the following obligations：

（1）To ensure that the person under his guarantee observes provisions of Article 69 of this Law; and

（2）To promptly report to the executing organ in case of discovering that the person under his guarantee might commit or has already committed an act prescribed in Article 69 of this Law.

Where the guarantor fails to perform the aforesaid obligations when the person under his guarantee commits an act in violation of the provisions of Article 69 of this Law, he shall be fined; and the guarantor shall be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the law if such failure constitutes a criminal offense.

第六十九条被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当遵守以下规定：

（一）未经执行机关批准不得离开所居住的市、县；

（二）住址、工作单位和联系方式发生变动的，在二十四小时以内向执行机关报告；

（三）在传讯的时候及时到案；

（四）不得以任何形式干扰证人作证；

（五）不得毁灭、伪造证据或者串供。

人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关可以根据案件情况，责令被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人遵守以下一项或者多项规定：

（一）不得进入特定的场所；

（二）不得与特定的人员会见或者通信；

（三）不得从事特定的活动；

（四）将护照等出入境证件、驾驶证件交执行机关保存。

被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反前两款规定，已交纳保证金的，没收部分或者全部保证金，并且区别情形，责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人具结悔过，重新交纳保证金、提出保证人，或者监视居住、予以逮捕。

对违反取保候审规定，需要予以逮捕的，可以对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人先行拘留。

Article 69 A criminal suspect or defendant who is released on bail shall abide by the following provisions：

（1）Not to leave the city or county where he resides without the permission of the executing organ；

（2）To report any change of the address, employer and contact information to the executing organ within 24 hours of the change；

（3）To appear before a court on time when summoned；

（4）Not to interfere, in any form, with the witnesses who give testimony; and

（5）Not to destroy or falsify evidence or tally confessions.

A people's court, people's procuratorate and public security organ may, depending on the circumstances of a case, order the criminal suspect or defendant who has been released on bail to abide by one or more of the following provisions：

（1）Not to enter certain places；

（2）Not to meet or correspond with certain persons；

（3）Not to engage in certain activities; and

（4）To surrender his passport and other exit or entry documents, as well as driver's license to the executing organ.

Where a criminal suspect or defendant who has been released on bail violates the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, part or all of the bail bond paid shall be forfeited, and depending on the specific circumstances, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be ordered to write a recognizance of repentance, pay bail bond again or provide a guarantor, or be placed under house surveillance or be arrested.

In case that a criminal suspect or defendant violates the provisions on release on bail, and an arrest is necessary, he may be held in custody in advance.

第七十条取保候审的决定机关应当综合考虑保证诉讼活动正常进行的需要，被取保候审人的社会危险性，案件的性质、情节，可能判处刑罚的轻重，被取保候审人的经济状况等情况，确定保证金的数额。

提供保证金的人应当将保证金存入执行机关指定银行的专门账户。

Article 70 When determining the amount of the bail bond to be paid, the organ rendering the release on bail shall take into account the requirements for ensuring the normal proceedings of litigation activities, the potential danger posed to the society by the person released on bail, the nature and circumstances of the case, the severity of the possible punishments and the financial conditions of the person on bail.

The person who provides the bail bond shall deposit the money to a special account in a bank designated by the execution organ.

第七十一条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在取保候审期间未违反本法第六十九条规定的，取保候审结束的时候，凭解除取保候审的通知或者有关法律文书到银行领取退还的保证金。

Article 71 If a criminal suspect or defendant does not violate any of the provisions of Article 69 of this Law during the period when he is released on bail, he shall collect the returned bond from the relevant bank upon expiry of the bail period by presenting the notice on the termination of release on bail or other relevant legal instruments.

第七十二条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对符合逮捕条件，有下列情形之一的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以监视居住：

（一）患有严重疾病、生活不能自理的；

（二）怀孕或者正在哺乳自己婴儿的妇女；

（三）系生活不能自理的人的唯一扶养人；

（四）因为案件的特殊情况或者办理案件的需要，采取监视居住措施更为适宜的；

（五）羁押期限届满，案件尚未办结，需要采取监视居住措施的。

对符合取保候审条件，但犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不能提出保证人，也不交纳保证金的，可以监视居住。

监视居住由公安机关执行。

Article 72 A people's court, people's procuratorate and public security organ may place under house surveillance a criminal suspect or defendant who satisfies the conditions for arrest and is under any of the following circumstances：

（1）who is seriously ill and cannot take care of himself；

（2）who is in pregnancy or breastfeeding period；

（3）who is the sole supporter of someone who is unable to take care of himself；

（4）House surveillance is more appropriate considering the special circumstances of the case or the need for case handling; or

（5）whose case has not been concluded upon expiry of the detention period, and therefore house surveillance is necessary.

A criminal suspect or defendant who satisfies the conditions for release on bail, but is unable to provide a guarantor and fails to pay the bail bond may be placed under house surveillance.

House surveillance shall be executed by public security organs.

第七十三条监视居住应当在犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的住处执行；无固定住处的，可以在指定的居所执行。对于涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、特别重大贿赂犯罪，在住处执行可能有碍侦查的，经上一级人民检察院或者公安机关批准，也可以在指定的居所执行。但是，不得在羁押场所、专门的办案场所执行。

指定居所监视居住的，除无法通知的以外，应当在执行监视居住后二十四小时以内，通知被监视居住人的家属。

被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人委托辩护人，适用本法第三十三条的规定。

人民检察院对指定居所监视居住的决定和执行是否合法实行监督。

Article 73 House surveillance shall be enforced at the domicile of a criminal suspect or defendant, or at a designated place of residence if he has no fixed domicile. Where, for a crime suspected to endanger State security, crime involving terrorist activities and an extremely grave crime of bribery, house surveillance at the domicile of the criminal suspect or defendant may impede the investigation, it may, upon approval by the people's procuratorate or the public security organ at the next higher level, be enforced at a designated place of residence. However, house surveillance may not be enforced in a detention house or a special venue for case investigation.

Where a criminal suspect or defendant is placed under house surveillance at a designated place of residence, a notice related thereto shall be given to his family within 24 hours upon enforcement of house surveillance, unless notification cannot be processed.

Where a criminal suspect and defendant under house surveillance engages a defender, the provisions in Article 33 of this Law shall apply.

A people's procuratorate shall exercise supervision over the legality of the decision on and enforcement of house surveillance at designated places of residence.

第七十四条指定居所监视居住的期限应当折抵刑期。被判处管制的，监视居住一日折抵刑期一日；被判处拘役、有期徒刑的，监视居住二日折抵刑期一日。

Article 74 The period of house surveillance at designated places of residence shall be deducted from the term of penalty. For criminals sentenced to public surveillance, each day of house surveillance shall be counted as one day of the term of penalty;for criminals sentenced to criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment, two days of house surveillance shall be counted as one day of the term of penalty.

第七十五条被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当遵守以下规定：

（一）未经执行机关批准不得离开执行监视居住的处所；

（二）未经执行机关批准不得会见他人或者通信；

（三）在传讯的时候及时到案；

（四）不得以任何形式干扰证人作证；

（五）不得毁灭、伪造证据或者串供；

（六）将护照等出入境证件、身份证件、驾驶证件交执行机关保存。

被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反前款规定，情节严重的，可以予以逮捕；需要予以逮捕的，可以对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人先行拘留。

Article 75 A criminal suspect or defendant under house surveillance shall abide by the following provisions：

（1）Not to leave the domicile or place of residence under house surveillance without the permission of the executing organ；

（2）Not to meet or correspond with any one without the permission of the executing organ；

（3）To appear before a court in time when summoned；

（4）Not to interfere, in any form, with the witnesses who give testimony；

（5）Not to destroy or falsify evidence or tally confessions; and

（6）To surrender passport and other exit or entry documents, identity certificate and driver's license to the executing organ.

Where a criminal suspect or defendant placed under house surveillance violates the provisions in the preceding paragraph and the circumstances are serious, he may be arrested, and if an arrest is necessary, he may be held in custody in advance.

第七十六条执行机关对被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，可以采取电子监控、不定期检查等监视方法对其遵守监视居住规定的情况进行监督；在侦查期间，可以对被监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人的通信进行监控。

Article 76 An executing organ may monitor a criminal suspect or defendant placed under house surveillance with respect to his compliance with house surveillance provisions by means of electronic monitoring, ad hoc inspection, etc. During the investigation period, the correspondence of the criminal suspect under house surveillance may be monitored.

第七十七条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人取保候审最长不得超过十二个月，监视居住最长不得超过六个月。

在取保候审、监视居住期间，不得中断对案件的侦查、起诉和审理。对于发现不应当追究刑事责任或者取保候审、监视居住期限届满的，应当及时解除取保候审、监视居住。解除取保候审、监视居住，应当及时通知被取保候审、监视居住人和有关单位。

Article 77 The period granted by a people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ to a criminal suspect or defendant for release on bail shall not exceed twelve months; the period for house surveillance shall not exceed six months.

During the period when the criminal suspect or defendant is released on bail or when he is under house surveillance, investigation, prosecution and handling of the case shall not be suspended. If it is discovered that the criminal suspect or the defendant should not be investigated for criminal responsibility or when the period for release on bail or the period of house surveillance has expired, such period shall be terminated without delay. The person who is released on bail or who is under house surveillance and the units concerned shall be notified of the termination immediately.

第七十八条逮捕犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，必须经过人民检察院批准或者人民法院决定，由公安机关执行。

Article 78 Arrests of criminal suspects or defendants shall be subject to approval by a people's procuratorate or decision by a people's court and shall be executed by a public security organ.

第七十九条对有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，采取取保候审尚不足以防止发生下列社会危险性的，应当予以逮捕：

（一）可能实施新的犯罪的；

（二）有危害国家安全、公共安全或者社会秩序的现实危险的；

（三）可能毁灭、伪造证据，干扰证人作证或者串供的；

（四）可能对被害人、举报人、控告人实施打击报复的；

（五）企图自杀或者逃跑的。

对有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处十年有期徒刑以上刑罚的，或者有证据证明有犯罪事实，可能判处徒刑以上刑罚，曾经故意犯罪或者身份不明的，应当予以逮捕。

被取保候审、监视居住的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人违反取保候审、监视居住规定，情节严重的，可以予以逮捕。

Article 79 Where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime and the criminal suspect or defendant involved is likely to be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, and release of him on bail is insufficient to prevent the following dangers to the society, the said criminal suspect or defendant shall be arrested in accordance with the law：

（1）The criminal suspect or defendant may commit a new crime；

（2）There is a real risk that the criminal suspect or defendant may endanger State security, public security or public order；

（3）The criminal suspect or defendant may destroy or falsify evidence, interfere with the witnesses who give testimony, or tally confessions；

（4）The criminal suspect or defendant may retaliate against the victims, informants or accusers; or

（5）The criminal suspect or defendant tries to commit suicide or escape.

Where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime and the criminal suspect or defendant involved is likely to be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of ten years or severer punishments, or where there is evidence to support the facts of a crime and the criminal suspect or defendant is likely to be sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment or severer punishments, and he has intentionally committed a prior crime or has an unknown identity, the said criminal suspect or defendant shall be arrested in accordance with the law.

A criminal suspect or defendant who is released on bail or placed under house surveillance may be arrested if he violates the provisions on release on bail or house surveillance and the circumstances are serious.

第八十条公安机关对于现行犯或者重大嫌疑分子，如果有下列情形之一的，可以先行拘留：

（一）正在预备犯罪、实行犯罪或者在犯罪后即时被发觉的；

（二）被害人或者在场亲眼看见的人指认他犯罪的；

（三）在身边或者住处发现有犯罪证据的；

（四）犯罪后企图自杀、逃跑或者在逃的；

（五）有毁灭、伪造证据或者串供可能的；

（六）不讲真实姓名、住址，身份不明的；

（七）有流窜作案、多次作案、结伙作案重大嫌疑的。

Article 80 Public security organs may initially detain an active criminal or a major suspect under any of the following conditions：

（1）if he is preparing to commit a crime, is in the process of committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime；

（2）if he is identified as having committed a crime by a victim or an eyewitness；

（3）if criminal evidence is found on his body or at his residence；

（4）if he attempts to commit suicide or escape after committing a crime, or he is a fugitive；

（5）if there is likelihood of his destroying or falsifying evidence or tallying confessions；

（6）if he does not tell his true name and address and his identity is unknown; and

（7）if he is strongly suspected of committing crimes from one place to another, repeatedly, or in a gang.

第八十一条公安机关在异地执行拘留、逮捕的时候，应当通知被拘留、逮捕人所在地的公安机关，被拘留、逮捕人所在地的公安机关应当予以配合。

Article 81 When a public security organ is to detain or arrest a person in another place, it shall inform the public security organ in the place where the person to be detained or arrested stays, and the public security organ there shall cooperate in the action.

第八十二条对于有下列情形的人，任何公民都可以立即扭送公安机关、人民检察院或者人民法院处理：

（一）正在实行犯罪或者在犯罪后即时被发觉的；

（二）通缉在案的；

（三）越狱逃跑的；

（四）正在被追捕的。

Article 82 The persons listed below may be seized outright by any citizen and delivered to a public security organ, a people's procuratorate or a people's court for handling：

（1）any person who is committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime；

（2）any person who is wanted for arrest；

（3）any person who has escaped from prison; and

（4）any person who is being pursued for arrest.

第八十三条公安机关拘留人的时候，必须出示拘留证。

拘留后，应当立即将被拘留人送看守所羁押，至迟不得超过二十四小时。除无法通知或者涉嫌危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪通知可能有碍侦查的情形以外，应当在拘留后二十四小时以内，通知被拘留人的家属。有碍侦查的情形消失以后，应当立即通知被拘留人的家属。

Article 83 When detaining a person, a public security organ must produce a detention warrant.

After being taken into custody, a detainee shall immediately be transferred to a detention house and such transfer shall be done within 24 hours. The detainee's family shall be notified of the matter within 24 hours after the detainee is taken into custody, unless the notification cannot be processed or where the detainee is involved in a crime endangering State security or involving terrorist activities and such notification may impede the investigation. The family of the detainee shall be notified of relevant information immediately after impediments thereto is eliminated.

第八十四条公安机关对被拘留的人，应当在拘留后的二十四小时以内进行讯问。在发现不应当拘留的时候，必须立即释放，发给释放证明。

Article 84 A public security organ shall interrogate a person held in custody within 24 hours after the detention. Once it is discovered that custody should not have been imposed, the public security organ shall immediately release the said person, and issue a release certificate.

第八十五条公安机关要求逮捕犯罪嫌疑人的时候，应当写出提请批准逮捕书，连同案卷材料、证据，一并移送同级人民检察院审查批准。必要的时候，人民检察院可以派人参加公安机关对于重大案件的讨论。

Article 85 When a public security organ wishes to arrest a criminal suspect, it shall submit a written request for approval of arrest together with the case file and evidence to the people's procuratorate at the same level for examination and approval. When necessary, the people's procuratorate may send procurators to participate in the public security organ's discussion of a major case.

第八十六条人民检察院审查批准逮捕，可以讯问犯罪嫌疑人；有下列情形之一的，应当讯问犯罪嫌疑人：

（一）对是否符合逮捕条件有疑问的；

（二）犯罪嫌疑人要求向检察人员当面陈述的；

（三）侦查活动可能有重大违法行为的。

人民检察院审查批准逮捕，可以询问证人等诉讼参与人，听取辩护律师的意见；辩护律师提出要求的，应当听取辩护律师的意见。

Article 86 A people's procuratorate may interrogate a criminal suspect when examining and approving the arrest thereof, and it shall interrogate the criminal suspect under any of the following circumstances：

（1）Where there are doubts over whether conditions for arrest are satisfied；

（2）Where the criminal suspect request to make a statement in front of a procurator; or

（3）Where investigation activities may have involved major violations of the law.

The people's procuratorate may question witnesses and other litigation participants, and listen to opinions of defense lawyers during the course of examining and approving the arrest. It shall hear the opinions of the defense lawyers if they have so requested.

第八十七条人民检察院审查批准逮捕犯罪嫌疑人由检察长决定。重大案件应当提交检察委员会讨论决定。

Article 87 The chief procurator shall make the decision on a people's procuratorate's examination and approval of the arrest of a criminal suspect.

Major cases shall be submitted to the procuratorial committee for discussion and decision.

第八十八条人民检察院对于公安机关提请批准逮捕的案件进行审查后，应当根据情况分别作出批准逮捕或者不批准逮捕的决定。对于批准逮捕的决定，公安机关应当立即执行，并且将执行情况及时通知人民检察院。对于不批准逮捕的，人民检察院应当说明理由，需要补充侦查的，应当同时通知公安机关。

Article 88 After a people's procuratorate has examined a case with respect to which a public security organ has submitted a request for approval of arrest, it shall decide according to the circumstances of the case either to approve the arrest or disapprove the arrest. If it decides to approve the arrest, the public security organ shall execute it immediately and inform the people's procuratorate of the result without delay. If the people's procuratorate disapproves the arrest, it shall give its reasons therefor; and if it deems a supplementary investigation necessary, it shall at the same time notify the public security organ of the need.

第八十九条公安机关对被拘留的人，认为需要逮捕的，应当在拘留后的三日以内，提请人民检察院审查批准。在特殊情况下，提请审查批准的时间可以延长一日至四日。

对于流窜作案、多次作案、结伙作案的重大嫌疑分子，提请审查批准的时间可以延长至三十日。

人民检察院应当自接到公安机关提请批准逮捕书后的七日以内，作出批准逮捕或者不批准逮捕的决定。人民检察院不批准逮捕的，公安机关应当在接到通知后立即释放，并且将执行情况及时通知人民检察院。对于需要继续侦查，并且符合取保候审、监视居住条件的，依法取保候审或者监视居住。

Article 89 If the public security organ deems it necessary to arrest a detainee, it shall, within three days after the detention, submit a request to the people's procuratorate for examination and approval.Under special circumstances, the time limit for submitting a request for examination and approval may be extended by one to four days.

As to the arrest of a major suspect involved in crimes committed from one place to another, repeatedly, or in a gang, the time limit for submitting a request for examination and approval may be extended to 30 days.

The people's procuratorate shall decide either to approve or disapprove the arrest within seven days from the date of receiving the written request for approval of arrest submitted by a public security organ. If the people's procuratorate disapproves the arrest, the public security organ shall, upon receiving notification, immediately release the detainee and inform the people's procuratorate of the result without delay. If further investigation is necessary, and if the released person meets the conditions for release on bail or for house surveillance, he shall be released on bail or subjected to house surveillance according to the law.

第九十条公安机关对人民检察院不批准逮捕的决定，认为有错误的时候，可以要求复议，但是必须将被拘留的人立即释放。如果意见不被接受，可以向上一级人民检察院提请复核。上级人民检察院应当立即复核，作出是否变更的决定，通知下级人民检察院和公安机关执行。

Article 90 If the public security organ considers the people's procuratorate's decision to disapprove an arrest to be incorrect, it may request a reconsideration but must immediately release the detainee. If the public security organ's opinion is not accepted, it may request a review by the people's procuratorate at the next higher level. The people's procuratorate shall immediately review the matter, decide whether or not to make a change and notify the people's procuratorate at the lower level and the public security organ to implement its decision.

第九十一条公安机关逮捕人的时候，必须出示逮捕证。

逮捕后，应当立即将被逮捕人送看守所羁押。除无法通知的以外，应当在逮捕后二十四小时以内，通知被逮捕人的家属。

Article 91 When making an arrest, a public security organ must produce an arrest warrant.

Upon arrest, an arrested person shall be immediately transferred to a detention house for custody. The family of the arrested person shall be notified of such a matter within 24 hours after the arrest, unless the notification cannot be processed.

第九十二条人民法院、人民检察院对于各自决定逮捕的人，公安机关对于经人民检察院批准逮捕的人，都必须在逮捕后的二十四小时以内进行讯问。在发现不应当逮捕的时候，必须立即释放，发给释放证明。

Article 92 Interrogation must be conducted within 24 hours after the arrest, by a people's court or people's procuratorate with respect to a person it has decided to arrest, and by a public security organ with respect to a person it has arrested with the approval of the people's procuratorate. If it is found that the person should not have

been arrested, he must be immediately released and issued a release certificate.

第九十三条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被逮捕后，人民检察院仍应当对羁押的必要性进行审查。对不需要继续羁押的，应当建议予以释放或者变更强制措施。有关机关应当在十日以内将处理情况通知人民检察院。

Article 93 After a criminal suspect or defendant is arrested, the relevant people's procuratorate shall still examine the necessity for detention. Where the detention of the criminal suspect or defendant is no longer necessary, the people's procuratorate shall propose the release thereof or the change of coercive measures. Relevant organs shall notify the people's procuratorate of the handling of the case within 10 days.

第九十四条人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关如果发现对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人采取强制措施不当的，应当及时撤销或者变更。公安机关释放被逮捕的人或者变更逮捕措施的，应当通知原批准的人民检察院。

Article 94 If a people's court, a people's procuratorate or a public security organ finds that the coercive measures adopted against a criminal suspect or defendant are inappropriate, such measures shall be cancelled or modified without delay. If a public security organ releases a person arrested or substitute the measure of arrest with a different measure, it shall notify the people's procuratorate that approved the arrest.

第九十五条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属或者辩护人有权申请变更强制措施。人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关收到申请后，应当在三日以内作出决定；不同意变更强制措施的，应当告知申请人，并说明不同意的理由。

Article 95 A criminal suspect or defendant and his legal representative, near relatives or defender is entitled to apply for change of coercive measures. The people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ concerned shall make a decision within three days upon receipt of the application, and shall inform the applicant of the reasons if such an application is rejected.

第九十六条犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被羁押的案件，不能在本法规定的侦查羁押、审查起诉、一审、二审期限内办结的，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人应当予以释放；需要继续查证、审理的，对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人可以取保候审或者监视居住。

Article 96 For a case involving a criminal suspect or defendant under detention, if the handling of the case cannot be completed within the time limit for keeping the criminal suspect or defendant under custody for investigation, for conducting examination before prosecution, or for the proceedings of first or second instance as is stipulated by this Law, the criminal suspect or defendant shall be released. Where further investigation, verification or trial is necessary, the criminal suspect or defendant may be released on bail or be placed under house surveillance.

第九十七条人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关对被采取强制措施法定期限届满的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人，应当予以释放、解除取保候审、监视居住或者依法变更强制措施。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人及其法定代理人、近亲属或者辩护人对于人民法院、人民检察院或者公安机关采取强制措施法定期限届满的，有权要求解除强制措施。

Article 97 A people's court, people's procuratorate, or public security organ shall, upon expiry of the statutory time limit for coercive measures imposed on a criminal suspect or defendant, release the criminal suspect or the defendant, lift such coercive measures as release on bail or house surveillance, or change the coercive measures in accordance with the law. The criminal suspect or defendant, and his legal representative, near relatives or defender is entitled to request the people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ to terminate the coercive measures upon expiry of the statutory time limit thereof.

第九十八条人民检察院在审查批准逮捕工作中，如果发现公安机关的侦查活动有违法情况，应当通知公安机关予以纠正，公安机关应当将纠正情况通知人民检察院。

Article 98 If in the process of examining and approving arrests, a people's procuratorate discovers illegalities in the investigatory activities of a public security organ, it shall notify the public security organ to make corrections, and the public security organ shall notify the people's procuratorate of the corrections it has made.

第七章附带民事诉讼
Chapter Ⅶ Incidental Civil Actions

第九十九条被害人由于被告人的犯罪行为而遭受物质损失的，在刑事诉讼过程中，有权提起附带民事诉讼。被害人死亡或者丧失行为能力的，被害人的法定代理人、近亲属有权提起附带民事诉讼。

如果是国家财产、集体财产遭受损失的，人民检察院在提起公诉的时候，可以提起附带民事诉讼。

Article 99 A victim who suffers from property losses due to the defendant's criminal offenses is entitled to bring an incidental civil action during criminal proceedings. Where the victim has died or lost his capacity for civil conduct, his legal representative or near relatives is entitled to bring an incidental civil action.

In the event of losses of State- or collectively-owned property, a people's procuratorate may bring an incidental civil action when initiating a public prosecution.

第一百条人民法院在必要的时候，可以采取保全措施，查封、扣押或者冻结被告人的财产。附带民事诉讼原告人或者人民检察院可以申请人民法院采取保全措施。人民法院采取保全措施，适用民事诉讼法的有关规定。

Article 100 When necessary, a people's court may take preservation measures to seal up, seize or freeze a defendant's property. The plaintiff or people's procuratorate to an incidental civil action may apply to the people's court for taking preservation measures. The relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law shall be applicable where the people's court takes preservation measures.

第一百零一条人民法院审理附带民事诉讼案件，可以进行调解，或者根据物质损失情况作出判决、裁定。

Article 101 A people's court, in hearing an incidental civil case, may conduct mediation or make a ruling or judgment according to the amount of property losses.

第一百零二条附带民事诉讼应当同刑事案件一并审判，只有为了防止刑事案件审判的过分迟延，才可以在刑事案件审判后，由同一审判组织继续审理附带民事诉讼。

Article 102 An incidental civil action shall be heard together with the criminal case. Only for the purpose of preventing excessive delay in a trial of the criminal case may the same judicial organization, after completing the trial of the criminal case, continue to hear the incidental civil action.

第八章期间、送达
Chapter Ⅷ Time Periods and Service

第一百零三条期间以时、日、月计算。

期间开始的时和日不算在期间以内。

法定期间不包括路途上的时间。上诉状或者其他文件在期满前已经交邮的，不算过期。

期间的最后一日为节假日的，以节假日后的第一日为期满日期，但犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或者罪犯在押期间，应当至期满之日为止，不得因节假日而延长。

Article 103 Time periods shall be calculated by the hour, the day and the month.

The hour and day from which a time period begins shall not be counted as within the time period.

A legally prescribed time period shall not include travelling time. Appeals or other documents that have been mailed before the expiration of the time period shall not be regarded as overdue.

If the last day of a statutory limitation falls on a public holiday, the day immediately following the public holiday shall be regarded as the expiry date of the time limit. However, the period for holding a criminal suspect, defendant or criminal under custody shall expire on the last day of the time limit, and shall not be extended due to the public holiday.

第一百零四条当事人由于不能抗拒的原因或者有其他正当理由而耽误期限的，在障碍消除后五日以内，可以申请继续进行应当在期满以前完成的诉讼活动。

前款申请是否准许，由人民法院裁定。

Article 104 When a party cannot meet a deadline due to irresistible causes or for other legitimate reasons, he may, within five days after the obstacle is removed, apply to continue the proceedings that should have been completed before the expiration of the time period.

A people's court shall decide whether or not to approve the application described in the preceding paragraph.

第一百零五条送达传票、通知书和其他诉讼文件应当交给收件人本人；如果本人不在，可以交给他的成年家属或者所在单位的负责人员代收。

收件人本人或者代收人拒绝接收或者拒绝签名、盖章的时候，送达人可以邀请他的邻居或者其他见证人到场，说明情况，把文件留在他的住处，在送达证上记明拒绝的事由、送达的日期，由送达人签名，即认为已经送达。

Article 105 Summons, notices and other court documents shall be delivered to the addressee himself; if the addressee is absent, the documents may be received on his behalf by an adult member of his family or a responsible person of his unit.

If the addressee or a recipient on his behalf refuses to accept the documents or refuses to sign and affix his seal to the receipt, the person serving the documents may ask the addressee's neighbors or other witnesses to the scene, explain the situation to them, leave the documents at the addressee's residence, record on the service certificate the particulars of the refusal and the date of service and sign his name to it; the service shall thus be deemed to have been completed.

第九章其他规定
Chapter Ⅸ Other Provisions

第一百零六条本法下列用语的含意是：

（一）-侦查-是指公安机关、人民检察院在办理案件过程中，依照法律进行的专门调查工作和有关的强制性措施；

（二）-当事人-是指被害人、自诉人、犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人；

（三）-法定代理人-是指被代理人的父母、养父母、监护人和负有保护责任的机关、团体的代表；

（四）-诉讼参与人-是指当事人、法定代理人、诉讼代理人、辩护人、证人、鉴定人和翻译人员；

（五）-诉讼代理人-是指公诉案件的被害人及其法定代理人或者近亲属、自诉案件的自诉人及其法定代理人委托代为参加诉讼的人和附带民事诉讼的当事人及其法定代理人委托代为参加诉讼的人；

（六）-近亲属-是指夫、妻、父、母、子、女、同胞兄弟姊妹。

Article 106 For the purpose of this law, the definitions of the following terms are：

（1）-Investigation- means the specialized investigatory work and related coercive measures carried out according to the law by the public security organs and people's procuratorates in the process of handling cases；

（2）-Parties- means victims, private prosecutors, criminal suspects, defendants and the plaintiffs and defendants in incidental civil actions；

（3）-Legal representatives- means the parents, foster parents or guardians of a person being represented and representatives of the State organ or public organization responsible for that person's protection；

（4）-Participants in the proceedings- means the parties, legal representatives, agents ad litem, defenders, witnesses, expert witnesses and interpreters；

（5）-agents ad litem- means persons entrusted by victims in cases of public prosecution and their legal representatives or near relatives and by private prosecutors in cases of private prosecution and their legal representatives to participate in legal proceedings on their behalf, and persons entrusted by parties in incidental civil actions and their legal representatives to participate in legal proceedings on their behalf；

（6）-Near relatives- means a person's husband or wife, father, mother, sons, daughters, and brothers and sisters born of the same parents.