CHAPTER 7

Tsze-hea said, "If a man withdraws his mind from the love of beauty, and applies it as sincerely to the love of the virtuous; if, in serving his parents, he can exert his utmost

5. FOUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF A LARGE STATE. 道 is used for 导, 'to rule', 'to lead', and is marked in the 3d tone, to distinguish it from 道, the noun, which was anciently read with the 2d tone. It is different from 治, which refers to the actual business of government, while 导 is the duty and purpose thereof, apprehended by the prince. The standpoint of the principles is the prince's mind. 乘, in low 3d tone, 'a chariot', different from its meaning in the 1st tone, 'to ride'. A country of 1000 chariots is one of the largest flefs of the empire, which could bring such an armament into the field. The last principle, —使民以时, means that the people should not be called from their husbandry at improper seasons, to do service on military expeditions and public works.

6. RULES FOR THE TRAINING OF THE YOUNG:—DUTY FIRST AND THEN ACCOMPLISHMENTS.弟子, 'young brothers and sons', taken together, =youths, a youth. The 2d 弟 is for 悌, as in ch.2. 入出, 'coming in, going out',=at home, abroad. 泛is explained by Choo He by 广, 'wide', 'widely'; its proper meaning is 'the rush or overflow of water'. 力, 'strength', here embracing the idea of leisure. 学文 not literary studies merely, but all the accomplishments of a gentleman also:—ceremonies, music, archery, horsemanship, writing, and numbers.

7. TSZE-HEA'S VIEWS OF THE SUBSTANCE OF LEARNING. Tsze-hea was the designation of 卜商, another of the sage's distinguished disciples, and now place 5th in the eastern range of 'the wise ones'. He was greatly famed for his learning, and his views on the She-king and the Ch'un Ts'ew are said to be preserved in the comm. of 毛, and of 公羊高 and 谷梁赤. He kept himself blind on the death of his son, but lived to a great age, and was much esteemed by the people and princes of the time. With regard to the scope of this chapter, there is some truth in what the comm. Woo, 吴, says,—that Tsze-hea's words may be wrested to depreciate learning, while those of the Master in the prec. ch. hit exactly the due medium. The 2d 贤 is a concrete noun. Written in full, 贤, it is composed of the characters for a minister, loyal, and a precious shell. It conveys the ideas of talents and worth in the concrete, but it is not easy to render it uniformly by any one term of another language. The 1st 贤 is a verb, = 'to treat as a hëen'. 色 has a diff. meaning from that in the 3d ch. Here it means 'sensual pleasure'. Literally rendered, the first sentence would be, 'esteeming properly the virtuous, and changing the love of woman', and great fault is found by some, as in 四书改错, XIII.1, with Choo He's interpretation which I have followed; but there is force in what his adherents say, that the passage is not to be understood as if the individual spoken of had ever been given to pleasure, but simply signifies the sincerity of his love for the virtuous. 致 here = 委, 'to give to', 'to devote to'.

strength; if, in serving his prince, he can devote his life; if, in his intercourse with his friends, his words are sincere:—although men say that he has not learned, I will certainly say that he has."